2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2010.02.011
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Synthesis of stearic acid triethanolamine ester over solid acid catalysts

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Cited by 7 publications
(7 citation statements)
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“…Another kind of alcohol amine derivative is ester quats which possess excellent performance and biodegradability and have become a new generation of fabric-softening agents [6,7]. In general, the ester quats are prepared by esterification of triethanolamine with fatty acid [8,9], followed by the reaction with an alkylating agent to result in the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt [10,11]. The products of the esterification reaction are a mixture of mono-, di-and tri-esteramine, and the ultimate performance of ester quats is affected by the content of the blend.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another kind of alcohol amine derivative is ester quats which possess excellent performance and biodegradability and have become a new generation of fabric-softening agents [6,7]. In general, the ester quats are prepared by esterification of triethanolamine with fatty acid [8,9], followed by the reaction with an alkylating agent to result in the corresponding quaternary ammonium salt [10,11]. The products of the esterification reaction are a mixture of mono-, di-and tri-esteramine, and the ultimate performance of ester quats is affected by the content of the blend.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The optimum temperature obtained from RSM was found to be similar to that of manual OFAT technique of appoximately 170 o C. Slightly higher optimum value of Ca-Al dosage of about 0.78 % was obtained from RSM compared to 0.5 % from OFAT approach. However, 0.78 % of Ca-Al dosage was acceptable as it was lower than the maximum solid catalyst dosage of 1% employed in esteramine production via esterification of stearic acid and triethanolamine reported in literatures [8][9][10]. Significant difference on vacuum level was observed between RSM and manual OFAT optimization process, where lower vacuum of about 299 mbar was established via RSM and 10 mbar obtained from manual optimization.…”
Section: Optimization Of Operating Conditions and Validation Of Modelmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…Although the tri-esteramine content obtained from RSM optimization was 27 %, which was slightly higher than 25 % for experiencing a better fabric softening formulation stability [ 24], this might be overcome by performing the reaction at mole ratio lower than 1.8,1 (methyl palmitate, triethanolamine) or employing solid catalyst with suitable pore diameters. According to literatures, suitable pore diameters of catalyst could improve selectivity to mono and di-esteramine and minimize tri-esteramine content [8][9][10].…”
Section: Optimization Of Operating Conditions and Validation Of Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Some researches concerned about the diestercompounds of aliphatic acid with TEA [15], while few concerned about the mono-ester compounds, especially for the mono-ester compound of luaric acid with TEA. Furthermore, some catalysts, such as hypophosphorous acid, sodium methoxide, p-toluene sulfuric acid and so on, are employed in conventional esterification process of aliphatic acid with TEA, which bring about a series of environmental impacts and applied problems [16]. To tackle these problems, whether to use environmentally friendly catalysts or not is becoming a new research hotspot.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%