Synthesis of Syngas into Dimethyl Ether Using Cu-Zn-Al/-Alumina Bifunctional Catalyst as an Environmentally Friendly Fuel for Substituting Liquified Petroleum Gas

Abstract

In order to meet the need for Liquified Petroleum Gas in Indonesia, which is currently around seventy percent of which is still imported, it is necessary to find a replacement. One of the efforts to replace the Liquified Petroleum Gas is by utilizing dimethyl ether which can be produced from coal as raw material. Coal can be catalytically converted to syngas and then syngas can be catalytically converted to dimethyl ether via a direct two-step or one-step route. This paper will discuss the one-step synthesis of dimethyl ether from syngas using Cu-Zn-Al/g-Alumina as a bifunctional catalyst. The syngas used consists of carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a mole ratio of 1:2. The conversion reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at the pressure of 40 bar, the temperature of 240-300 <sup>0</sup>C, and the space velocity of 29.3-32.7 mL/g catalyst/minute. The highest conversion of CO that can be achieved is 90.08 % at a temperature of 300 <sup>o</sup>C and the space velocity of 29.3 mL/g catalyst/minute. The synthesis product was analyzed using GC. The dimethyl ether is an environmentally friendly fuel and non-toxic compound that does not destroy ozone, does not contain sulfur, and has a calorific value of about 30.5 MJ/kg which is lower than 50.56 MJ/kg

Carbon Footprint Assessment of LPG Gas Usage in Small Industries: A Case Study of Sami Laris Swalayan Shopping Center

“…The frequency of gas usage for 4 out of 8 food tenants who use 3kg gas cylinders is 4 days. Based on the [12], in 2018, the consumption of LPG reached 7.5 million tons, which was fulfilled by domestic LPG production of 2 million tons (26%) and LPG imports of 5.5 million tons (74%). The successful transition from kerosene to LPG has led to increased LPG consumption.…”

Present and Future Perspectives of Liquid-Phase Slurry Processes Involved in Methanol and Dimethyl Ether Synthesis Using Biomass-Derived Syngas

“…DME or methoxymethane is the dehydrated form of methanol and also known as bio-DME when synthesized from syngas or methanol derived from biomass. , The production of DME is of particular importance because it can be stored in gaseous form under ambient pressure and temperature; however, it liquefies at 0.5 MPa pressure just like LPG gas. DME can be produced either directly from syngas or indirectly from dehydration of methanol . The indirect process of DME production employs a double-step process, in which methanol is first produced from syngas (using the same reactions as in eqs and ), followed by methanol dehydration in the second step (according to eq ).…”

“…The indirect process of DME production employs a double-step process, in which methanol is first produced from syngas (using the same reactions as in eqs and ), followed by methanol dehydration in the second step (according to eq ). 2 normalCH 3 normalOH ↔ normalCH 3 OCH 3 + normalH 2 normalO DME produced from coal-based syngas is carried out through the conventional two-step process. ,, DME is produced by methanol dehydration in a second step, in either gas phase (catalyzed by solid γ-alumina) or liquid phase catalyzed by ion-exchange resins . DME production from syngas is favored thermodynamically over methanol production at a high temperature as the activity of the catalyst increased but the selectivity for methanol production decreased that lead to increasing formation of side products, i.e., DME and water.…”

“…The indirect process of DME production employs a double-step process, in which methanol is first produced from syngas (using the same reactions as in eqs and ), followed by methanol dehydration in the second step (according to eq ). DME produced from coal-based syngas is carried out through the conventional two-step process. ,, DME is produced by methanol dehydration in a second step, in either gas phase (catalyzed by solid γ-alumina) or liquid phase catalyzed by ion-exchange resins . DME production from syngas is favored thermodynamically over methanol production at a high temperature as the activity of the catalyst increased but the selectivity for methanol production decreased that lead to increasing formation of side products, i.e., DME and water.…”