Synthesis of the Laws Governing the Non-Holonomic Model of a Two-Link Road Train With Reverse Motion (Off-Axle Hitching Model)

Abstract

The complexity of the control of the road train is due to the pronounced nonlinearities, as well as the instability of the control object during the movement in the backward motion (jackknifing). For the road trains, the location of the towing device behind the tractor's rear axle is quite typical. In this study, a synthesis of control laws for road trains with offset of coupling devices relative to the rear axle of the tractor (off-axle hitching) is proposed. The controllers have been implemented both to ensure a stable circular motion and for rectilinear motion with a given orientation angle, and the behavioral features of this model have been studied on the basis of them. Based on the analysis of the approaches to the synthesis of the laws governing the road train with the coupling out, it was decided to synthesize the required control laws using the Lyapunov function method. Synthesized controllers can be directly used to program the robotic systems of the respective models. It is also possible to use them for the development of the Dubins machine for the investigated model. They can be used to build automatic control systems that would help the driver to drive a car with a trailer while driving backward. In this research, a study was made of the state of the solution of the problem associated with the reverse movement of a road train consisting of a tractor and a semitrailer with a coupling, synthesized laws made it possible to study the features of such model, determined by its linear dimensions. For comparison of the synthesized laws, the analysis of phase portraits of trajectories, angles of folding and control, orientation angles was carried out, and also the analysis of the quality of transient processes with the change in the speed of the road train was performed.

Applications of safety transient voltage suppressors in the track circuits of railway signaling systems

“…The railway operation system requires precise control of train movement along designated tracks to ensure safe travel. In this context, the railway signaling system serves to inform train drivers of the upcoming track conditions, allowing decisions to be made regarding stopping, speed adjustment, or direction control to ensure safe and efficient train operations [1]. The railway signaling system plays a critical role in controlling and determining the movement direction of trains on the same track.…”