“…Previous studies have clarified various aspects of their biology: for example, growth and survival during early life stages (Oozeki and Watanabe, 2000;Oozeki et al, 2003Oozeki et al, , 2004Watanabe et al, 2003;Suyama et al, 2011), age and growth of juveniles and adults (Kosaka, 2000;Kurita et al, 2004;Suyama et al, 2006), feeding biology (Sugisaki and Kurita, 2004), distribution (Huang et al, 2007;Tseng et al, 2013), migration (Kosaka, 2000;Kurita et al, 2004;Suyama et al, 2012a), reproduction (Kosaka, 2000;Kurita, 2003Kurita, , 2006, and climate impacts on population dynamics Tian et al, 2003Tian et al, , 2004, patchiness structure and mortality rate (Hayashi and Odate, 1981;Oozeki et al, 2009). In addition, Pacific saury is a major species used in bioenergetics models of fish growth and population dynamics in the western North Pacific (Ito et al, 2004(Ito et al, , 2010Kishi et al, 2007Kishi et al, , 2011Mukai et al, 2007;Werner et al, 2007). Biological parameters such as environmental preferences are crucial for the models to be more realistic and credible, as these parameter settings determine the growth and migration processes.…”