“…These application led many researchers to develop different routes to synthesis zinc oxide nanoparticles such as chemical route (Singh & Gopal, 2008;Abbasi et al, 2017), hydrothermal route (Ipeksac et al, 2013;Peng et al, 2016), sol-gel template process (Kumari et al, 2010;El Ghoul et al, 2012), photoluminescence emission technique (Rocha et al, 2014), microwave-assisted hydrothermal and decomposition (Tseng et al, 2012;Mousa et al, 2013), aerosol process (Ozcelik & Ergun, 2014), sonochemical synthesis (Zak et al, 2013), laser ablation (Thareja & Shukla, 2007), microemulsion method (Yıldırım & Durucan, 2010), precipitation method , hydrolyzed in polar organic solvents (Ehlert et al, 2014), solid-state thermal decomposition (Soofivand et al, 2013), microwave synthesis (Sutradhar et al, 2016). These routes have many disadvantages due to difficulty of scale up the synthesis process, separation and purification of nanoparticles from surfactants, co-surfactants, organic solvents, high energy consumption, and toxic by-products.…”