α-Aminophosphonates are of significant importance due to their biological activity. The most widely applied synthetic routes towards α-aminophosphonates are the Kabachnik-Fields reaction involving the condensation of amines, oxo compounds and >P(O)H species, such as dialkyl phosphites, and the Pudovik reaction of imines and >P(O)H reagents. By the double Kabachnik-Fields reaction, bis(aminophosphonates) have also became available. This chapter summarizes the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates and related derivatives through the two main routes as described in the literature over the last five years.