Synthesis, Regulatory Factors, and Signaling Pathways of Estrogen in the Ovary

Xiao, Chuyu; Wang, Jing; Zhang, Chunping

doi:10.1007/s43032-022-00932-z

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…20 When the levels of sex hormones, particularly estrogen, are reduced, the usual estrous cycle changes periodically, which causes periodic alterations in mice. According to the theory of estrogen synthesis, 21 a decrease in estrogen levels encourages the release of gonadotropin through the negative feedback of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. Histological analysis, however, revealed that ovarian sections of mice with POI displayed follicle loss, even in the presence of high FSH levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxychloroquine protects against autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in BALB/c mice

Shuai

She

Diao

et al. 2023

American J Rep Immunol

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Aims:The role of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of HCQ on ovarian function in mice with POI and to clarify its potential mechanisms.Methods: POI was induced in mice by injection with zona pellucida 3 peptide (pZP3), and HCQ was administered intragastrically. Stages of the estrous cycle were determined using vaginal cytology. The ovarian structure was observed under a microscope after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of serum hormones and anti-ZP antibody (aZPAb) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of CD4, CD45, and ZP2, ZP3 were determined using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The T regulatory (Treg)/ T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio was analyzed using flow cytometry analysis. Western blotting was performed to assess the expression levels of proteins, transcription factors and cytokines.Results: Administration of HCQ to mice with POI greatly restored their estrus cycle. In the treatment group compared to the POI group, estradiol (E 2 ) levels were higher, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were lower. In addition, following pZP3, HCQ treatment increased ZP2 and ZP3 expression. Additionally, by inhibiting the activation of the TLR7 signaling pathway, HCQ attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and prevented the activated naive CD4 + T cells from developing into Th17 cells. Conclusion:Our findings showed that HCQ effectively restored ovarian function by altering the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in mice with POI, indicating that HCQ maybe a promising therapeutic method for patients with POI. K E Y W O R D S hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), ovarian function, T regulatory (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells Ling Shuai and Jiajie She contributed equally to this work.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxychloroquine protects against autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in BALB/c mice

Shuai

She

Diao

et al. 2023

American J Rep Immunol

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“…As a result, IL-6–Stat3 plays a role in promoting tumor growth through the Th17 response [ 69 , 70 , 71 ]. There are several inhibitors which are reported to inhibit the TNF, p53, VEGF, and IL-17 signaling pathways in cancer [ 72 , 73 , 74 ]. Overall, these findings indicate that isoflavones present in soy-fermented foods might play a role in suppressing lung cancer via the mediation of these signaling pathways based on our network pharmacology analysis results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Simulation, and In Vitro Validation Revealed the Bioactive Components in Soy-Fermented Food Products and the Underlying Mechanistic Pathways in Lung Cancer

Elkhalifa,

Banu,

Khan

et al. 2023

Nutrients

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Globally, lung cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, warranting the exploration of novel and effective therapeutic approaches. Soy-fermented food products have long been associated with potential health benefits, including anticancer properties. There is still a lack of understanding of the active components of these drugs as well as their underlying mechanistic pathways responsible for their anti-lung cancer effects. In this study, we have undertaken an integrated approach combining network pharmacology and molecular docking to elucidate the mechanism of action of soy-fermented food products against lung cancer through simulation and in vitro validation. Using network pharmacology, we constructed a comprehensive network of interactions between the identified isoflavones in soy-fermented food products and lung cancer-associated targets. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding affinities of these compounds with key lung cancer-related proteins. Additionally, molecular simulation was utilized to investigate the stability of the compound–target complexes over time, providing insights into their dynamic interactions. Our results identified daidzein as a potential active component in soy-fermented food products with high binding affinities towards critical lung cancer targets. Molecular dynamic simulations confirmed the stability of the daidzein–MMP9 and daidzein–HSP90AA1 complexes, suggesting their potential as effective inhibitors. Additionally, in vitro validation experiments demonstrated that treatment with daidzein significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and suppressed cancer cell migration and the invasion of A549 lung cancer cells. Consequently, the estrogen signaling pathway was recognized as the pathway modulated by daidzein against lung cancer. Overall, the findings of the present study highlight the therapeutic potential of soy-fermented food products in lung cancer treatment and provide valuable insights for the development of targeted therapies using the identified bioactive compounds. Further investigation and clinical studies are warranted to validate these findings and translate them into clinical applications for improved lung cancer management.

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“…Low body score condition (BCS), physical condition, stress during lactation, and elevated prolactin levels are some of the factors that inhibit the release of gonadotropin hormones (Suwiti et al 2017). Estrogen plays a key role in the ovaries' function of follicles (Xiao et al 2022). Estrogen which is produced will be present in the antral follicle (Laksmi and Trilaksana 2020).…”

Section: Ovarian Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Reproductive Outcomes of Peranakan Etawa Goat with Microalgae Diet by Determining Ovarian Activity, Estradiol 17β Levels and Serum Malondialdehyde

2024

Int J Vet Sci

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This study aimed to identify Spirulina (Athrospira sp.) supplementation to examine the effects on the blood estrogen and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the ovarian activity of Peranakan Etawa (PE) goats during anestrous conditions using ultrasound. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed in the study, with three treatments totaling six replications (6 individuals) in each group. Group 1 (K-) consisted of untreated normal PE goats; Group 2 (K+) treated anestrus-prone PE goats with prostaglandin (PGF2α) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) hormones; Group 3 (KP) treated anestrus-prone PE goats with PGF2α and GnRH hormones with super-antioxidant feed at a dose of 0.5% body weight for 21 days. The data observed included the onset of estrus, ultrasound picture of the ovaries, serum estrogen levels using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, and MDA levels using the Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA) test method. ANOVA (Analysis of variances) post hoc LSD test was used to examine the collected data, and a significance value of P<0.05 was set. The findings indicated no significant difference between the goats in the KP and K-control groups (P<0.05) regarding estradiol 17β levels in those goats experiencing post-partum anestrus. Moreover, significantly lower serum MDA levels (P<0.05) were seen in the KP group. The ultrasound observations' outcomes further demonstrated the presence of a dominating follicle image, which suggested ovarian activity following microalgae feeding. In goats undergoing post-partum anestrus, administering two injections of PGF2α in conjunction with microalgae supplementation was found to dramatically raise serum estradiol 17β levels.

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Synthesis, Regulatory Factors, and Signaling Pathways of Estrogen in the Ovary

Cited by 19 publications

References 109 publications

Hydroxychloroquine protects against autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in BALB/c mice

Hydroxychloroquine protects against autoimmune premature ovarian insufficiency by modulating the Treg/Th17 cell ratio in BALB/c mice

Integrated Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, Molecular Simulation, and In Vitro Validation Revealed the Bioactive Components in Soy-Fermented Food Products and the Underlying Mechanistic Pathways in Lung Cancer

Optimizing Reproductive Outcomes of Peranakan Etawa Goat with Microalgae Diet by Determining Ovarian Activity, Estradiol 17β Levels and Serum Malondialdehyde

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