Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemistry of Sm-Modified LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Promotional Effects of Sm/Ce/La Doping on Soot Oxidation over MnCo2O4 Spinel Catalysts

“…The grain sizes decreased after the doping, which meant that doping with Sm, La, or Ce could reduce the crystallinity of the MnCo 2 O 4 spinel catalysts and decrease the grain size . This is because the bond energies of Sm–O, La–O, and Ce–O are higher than that of the Mn–O bond. − Therefore, more energy was required to incorporate Sm 3+ , La 3+ , or Ce 4+ ions into the tetrahedral of the spinel catalyst . The energy required for this process was provided at the cost of crystallization; hence, smaller crystal sizes were observed after doping with Sm 3+ , La 3+ , or Ce 4+ .…”

Research progress on design strategies, synthesis and performance of LiMn2O4-based cathodes

“…21 Single or multi-metal doping with metal ions, including Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, Cu, V, Sm and Zn, was extensively investigated for optimizing the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries, among which, Ni-doped LiMn 2 O 4 has become one of the current research interests for a high potential cathode. [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] respectively, which signicantly improved the structural stability and suppressed the Jahn-Teller distortion, so that a far higher reversible capacity was obtained. Cui et al embedded Sb ions in a LMO crystal, and even though the impure phase of LiSbO 3 appeared, the composite featured higher cycling and rate capacities than the pure LMO material.…”

“…21 Single or multi-metal doping with metal ions, including Al, Ni, Co, Fe, Mg, Cu, V, Sm and Zn, was extensively investigated for optimizing the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries, among which, Ni-doped LiMn 2 O 4 has become one of the current research interests for a high potential cathode. [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87] LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 is considered to be promising as a cathode material because of its excellent electrochemical performance with an operating voltage of 4.7 V and capacity of 135 mA h g À1 . [88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95] Hugues et al 96 studied the relationship between the Mn 3+ content, structural ordering, phase transformation, and kinetic properties in LiNi x Mn 2Àx O 4 , and revealed that increasing the Mn 3+ content triggered the transition from ordered to disordered spinel, which led to increased solid solution behavior, reduced two-phase transformation domains, and improved transport properties during Li extraction and insertion.…”

Synthesis, effect of γ-ray and electrical conductivity of uranium doped nano LiMn2O4 spinels for applications as positive electrodes in Li-ion rechargeable batteries

“…The substitution increases the average oxidation state of Mn above 3.5, and hence, suppressing Jahn-Teller distortion, stabilizes the crystal structure of the spinel. All dopant elements are less or close to that of Mn, but few reports about the rareearth elements have been published [30][31][32][33][34][35]. Here, we aim to go further and use uranium for metal substitution of LiMn 2 O 4 spinel.…”