2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052371
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Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview

Abstract: This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewab… Show more

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Cited by 95 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…The development of bio-based surfactants from renewable feedstocks is an attractive alternative to fossil-based surfactants with a significantly growing market attributed to their performance, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity [22,33]. Additionally, advances in renewable technology, increased environmental concern, consumer awareness, and stringent regulatory requirements provide a continued push toward the demand of bio-based surfactants.…”
Section: Future Outlook and Prospectmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The development of bio-based surfactants from renewable feedstocks is an attractive alternative to fossil-based surfactants with a significantly growing market attributed to their performance, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity [22,33]. Additionally, advances in renewable technology, increased environmental concern, consumer awareness, and stringent regulatory requirements provide a continued push toward the demand of bio-based surfactants.…”
Section: Future Outlook and Prospectmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As for biosurfactants, they consist of hydrophilic sugar or peptide component and hydrophobic saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chains that are naturally produced by bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Hence, a biosurfactant is classified as a wholly bio-based surfactant since all its raw materials are considered natural [20][21][22].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Usage of amphiphilic compounds in various technologies, including biomedical application, attracts much attention due to their unique functional properties and capacity to form different supramolecular assemblies [9,[13][14][15][16]. Of special importance is the application of surfactants as building blocks for the fabrication of nanocontainers (liposomes, micelles, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nonviral vectors, etc.)…”
Section: Patient-and Eco-friendly Amphiphilic Nanocontainersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A surfactant is produced when a strong lipophilic, hydrophobic group is associated together with a strongly hydrophilic group in the same molecule [7]. Surfactants have been extensively used in the textile and fiber industry [8,9], paints [10], cosmetics [11], and polymers industries [12]. Besides this, it is also widely applied in pharmaceutical industries, mining purposes, recovery of the oil and paper industry [13].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%