Synthetic Aperture Imaging With A Pulsed Co   2    Tea Laser

Aleksoff, Carl C.; Accetta, Joseph S.; Peterson, L. M.; Tai, Anthony M.; Klooster, A.; Schroeder, Kirk S.; Majewski, R. M.; Abshier, James O.; Fee, Michale S.

doi:10.1117/12.940575

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Kyle [9] evaluates his system in much the same way as presented here in Section 2.5, but drastically overstates the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of his illustrative example. Aleksoff et al [10] show the full potential of SA imaging with a laboratory demonstration of a 3-D SAL, but the method requires 2-D motion of the platform and is therefore unsuitable to the imaging problem considered here.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, 1-D ladar systems using pulse-echo [17], FM chirping with coherent detection [17,18], and SA processing with reconstructed phase histories [2,9,19] have been reported. Also a range-Doppler ladar system [20] and a stepped-frequency, tilt-mirror system [10] requiring 2-D scanning with a potential to produce 3-D images have been investigated. But full 2-D implementation of a synthetic aperture imaging ladar, a long-sought goal, has not previously been demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL): Fundamental Theory, Design Equations for a Satellite System, and Laboratory Demonstration

Lucke¹,

Rickard²,

Bashkansky³

et al. 2002

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i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) SPONSOR / MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)Robert Lucke 202-767-2749The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) resulting from phase-sensitive heterodyne detection in a photon-limited synthetic aperture ladar (SAL) is developed, propagated through synthetic aperture signal processing, and combined with speckle to give the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the resulting image. CNR and SNR are defined in such a way as to be familiar to the optical imaging community. Design equations are presented to allow quick assessment of the hardware parameters required for a notional system, most notably optical aperture sizes and the laser's power, chirp, and pulse rate capabilities. Some tutorial information on phase-sensitive heterodyne detection and synthetic aperture image formation is provided. The first two-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging in the optical domain is demonstrated in a laboratory setting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Aperture Ladar (SAL): Fundamental Theory, Design Equations for a Satellite System, and Laboratory Demonstration

Lucke¹,

Rickard²,

Bashkansky³

et al. 2002

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show abstract

“…[56][57][58] Some early, more limited, demonstrations were also performed. [59][60][61][62] A very early SAL image is shown in Fig. 10.…”

Section: Laser Vibration Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of ladar: a historic, yet emerging, sensor technology with rich phenomenology

McManamon¹

2012

Opt. Eng

202

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Abstract. Ladar is becoming more prominent due to the maturation of its component technologies, especially lasers. There are many forms of ladar. There is simple two-dimensional (2-D) ladar, similar to a passive electro-optic sensor, but with controlled illumination and the ability to see at night even at short wavelengths. There is three-dimensional (3-D) ladar, with angle/angle/range information. 3-D images are very powerful because shape is an invariant. 3-D images can be easily rotated to various perspectives. You can add gray scale or color, just like passive, or 2-D ladar, imaging. You can add precise velocity measurement, including vibrations. Ladar generates orders of magnitude higher frequency change then microwave radar for velocity measurement, because frequency change is proportional to one over the wavelength. Orders of magnitude higher frequency change means you can measure a given velocity orders of magnitude quicker, in many cases making an accurate measurement possible. Polarization can be used. With an active sensor you control both the illumination and the reception, so you can pattern the illumination. Also, because ladar can use narrow band illumination it is easier to easier to coherently combine sub-aperture images to obtain the higher resolution of an array.

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“…Synthetic aperture ladars are of growing interest, and several theoretical 1,2 and experimental [3][4][5] papers have been published on the subject. Compared to RF synthetic aperture radar (SAR), platform/ladar motion and transmitter bandwidth constraints are especially demanding at optical wavelengths.…”

Section: January 2005mentioning

confidence: 99%