Synthetic Approaches to RBC Mimicry and Oxygen Carrier Systems

Modery-Pawlowski, Christa L.; Tian, Lewis L.; Pan, Victor Y.; Gupta, Anirban Sen

doi:10.1021/bm400074t

Cited by 78 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…159, 160 With the emergence of nanotechnology, various approaches have been engineered for this purpose. 160, 161 In this respect, the ARCs internalized PDT systems may have the potential to boost photodynamic efficacy.…”

Section: Oxygen Self-supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

et al. 2016

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated mechanism is the major cause underlying the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The PDT procedure is based on the cascade of synergistic effects between light, photosensitizer (PS) and oxygen, which greatly favor the spatiotemporal control of the treatment. This procedure has also evoked several unresolved challenges at different levels including (i) limited penetration depth of light restricts traditional PDT to only superficial tumours; (ii) oxygen reliance deprives PDT treatment of hypoxic tumours; (iii) light could complicate the phototherapeutic outcomes due to the concurrent heat generation; (iv) specific delivery of PSs to sub-cellular organelles for exerting effective toxicity remains an issue; and (v) side effects by undesirable white-light activation and self-catalysation of traditional PSs. Recent advances in nanotechnology and nanomedicine have provided new opportunities to develop ROS-generating systems through photodynamic or non-photodynamic procedures while tackling the challenges of current PDT approaches. In this review, we summarize the current status and discuss the possible opportunities of ROS generation for cancer therapy. We hope this review will spur pre-clinical research and clinical practice for ROS-mediated tumour treatment.

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Section: Oxygen Self-supplementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

et al. 2016

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“…once reported an RBC‐enhanced PDT approach using RBCs as the carrier of both photosensitizer ZnF 16 Pc and oxygen to improve the efficacy of oxygen‐dependent PDT 67 . However, RBCs and cell‐free Hbs are not perfect oxygen carriers due to their poor stability, reduced circulation half‐life, and potential adverse effects 68 . With the help of nanotechnology, artificial red cells (ARCs) have been developed to serve as oxygen carriers 69 .…”

Section: Ameliorating Tumor Hypoxiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…67 However, RBCs and cell-free Hbs are not perfect oxygen carriers due to their poor stability, reduced circulation half-life, and potential adverse effects. 68 With the help of nanotechnology, artificial red cells (ARCs) have been developed to serve as oxygen carriers. 69 ARCs are essentially various types of biological material with Hb as the core, including polymer/Hb assemblies, 70 PEGylated Hb spheres, 71 and other Hb-containing vesicles 72 .…”

Section: Hemoglobin-based Oxygen Carriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of nanotechnology for enhancing photodynamic therapy via ameliorating, neglecting, or exploiting tumor hypoxia

Pan

et al. 2020

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT), an oxygen‐dependent modality, has been clinically approved and is considered a promising approach for cancer treatment. However, PDT shows noticeable limits due to the hypoxic nature of most solid tumor microenvironments. In recent years, various strategies have been developed to overcome tumor hypoxia either via oxygen‐replenishing approaches or via diminishing oxygen dependence. Both of these approaches have shown promise in reversing hypoxia‐relevant PDT resistance and thus improve antitumor efficacy. However, the low oxygen level at the tumor site is also an opportunity for the development of new therapeutic modalities, such as hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy, hypoxia‐inducible drug release, and starvation therapy. Therefore, a combination of these therapeutic modalities with PDT could promote their synergetic efficacy. Herein, we present an overview of the recent trend in the modulation and utilization of tumor hypoxia via nanomedicine‐based strategies, followed by a summary of the design and mechanisms of these nanosystems to improve PDT. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives for how PDT can achieve more extensive clinical applications for cancer therapy are discussed.

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“…Synthetic RBCs (sRBCs) have long been the Holy Grail of bioengineering [171], given the demand for blood substitutes in transfusion medicine [172,173]. New technological developments offer hope that this task will be ultimately achieved.…”

Section: Rbc-inspired and Rbc-hybrid Nanocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems

Villa

Anselmo

Mitragotri

et al. 2016

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

313

227

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Red blood cells (RBCs) constitute a unique drug delivery system as a biologic or hybrid carrier capable of greatly enhancing pharmacokinetics, altering pharmacodynamics (for example, by changing margination within the intravascular space), and modulating immune responses to appended cargoes. Strategies for RBC drug delivery systems include internal and surface loading, and the latter can be performed both ex vivo and in vivo. A relatively new avenue for RBC drug delivery is their application as a carrier for nanoparticles. Efforts are also being made to incorporate features of RBCs in nanocarriers to mimic their most useful aspects, such as long circulation and stealth features. RBCs have also recently been explored as carriers for the delivery of antigens for modulation of immune response. Therefore, RBC-based drug delivery systems represent supercarriers for a diverse array of biomedical interventions, and this is reflected by several industrial and academic efforts that are poised to enter the clinical realm.

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Synthetic Approaches to RBC Mimicry and Oxygen Carrier Systems

Cited by 78 publications

References 89 publications

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

Reactive oxygen species generating systems meeting challenges of photodynamic cancer therapy

Application of nanotechnology for enhancing photodynamic therapy via ameliorating, neglecting, or exploiting tumor hypoxia

Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems

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