Synthetic chemicals as agents of global change

Bernhardt, Emily S.; Rosi‐Marshall, Emma J.; Gessner, Mark O.

doi:10.1002/fee.1450

Cited by 550 publications

(396 citation statements)

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“…Mankind uses thousands of synthetic chemicals for many different purposes in households, industries or agriculture (Schwarzenbach et al, 2006;Bernhardt et al, 2017). Many of these compounds reach water bodies during some stage of their life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

Möser

Wemyss

Scheidegger

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Impairment of water quality by organic micropollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals or household chemicals is a problem in many catchments worldwide. These chemicals originate from different urban and agricultural usages and are transferred to surface waters from point or diffuse sources by a number of transport pathways. The quantification of this form of pollution in streams is challenging and especially demanding for diffuse pollution due to the high spatio-temporal concentration dynamics, which require large sampling and analytical efforts to obtain representative data on the actual water quality.Models can also be used to predict to what degree streams are affected by these pollutants. However, spatially distributed modelling of water quality is challenging for a number of reasons. Key issues are the lack of such models that incorporate both urban and agricultural sources of organic micropollutants, the large number of parameters to be estimated for many available water quality models, and the difficulty to transfer parameter estimates from calibration sites to areas where predictions are needed.To overcome these difficulties, we used the parsimonious iWaQa model that simulates herbicide transport from agricultural fields and diffuse biocide losses from urban areas (mainly façades and roof materials) and tested its predictive capabilities in the Rhine River basin. The model only requires between one and eight global model parameters per compound that need to be calibrated. Most of the data requirements relate to spatially distributed land use and comprehensive time series of precipitation, air temperature and spatial data on discharge. For larger catchments, routing was explicitly considered by coupling the iWaQa to the AQUASIM model.The model was calibrated with datasets from three different small catchments (0.5-24.6 km 2 ) for three agricultural herbicides (isoproturon, S-metolachlor, terbuthylazine) and two urban biocides (carbendazim, diuron). Subsequently, it was validated for herbicides and biocides in Switzerland for different years on 12 catchments of much larger size (31-35 899 km 2 ) and for herbicides for the entire Rhine basin upstream of the Dutch-German border (160 000 km 2 ) without any modification. For most compound-catchment combinations, the model predictions revealed a satisfactory correlation (median r 2 : 0.5) with the observations. The peak concentrations were mostly predicted within a factor of 2 to 4 (median: 2.1 fold difference for herbicides and 3.2 for biocides respectively). The seasonality of the peak concentration was also well simulated; the predictions of the actual timing of peak concentrations, however, was generally poor.Limited spatio-temporal data, first on the use of the selected pesticides and second on their concentrations in the river network, restrict the possibilities to scrutinize model performance. Nevertheless, the results strongly suggest that input data and model structure are major sources of predictive uncertainty. The latter is for exampl...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

Möser

Wemyss

Scheidegger

et al. 2018

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

Möser¹,

Wemyss²,

Scheidegger³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. Impairment of water quality by organic micropollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals or household 10 chemicals is a problem in many catchments worldwide. These chemicals originate from different urban and agricultural usages and are transferred to surface waters from point or diffuse sources by a number of transport pathways. The quantification of this form of pollution in streams is challenging and especially demanding for diffuse pollution due to the high spatio-temporal concentration dynamics, which requires large sampling and analytical efforts to obtain representative data on the actual water quality. 15 Models can also be used to predict information to which degree streams are affected by these pollutants. However, spatially distributed modeling of water quality is challenging for a number of reasons. Key issues are the lack of such models that incorporate both urban and agricultural sources of organic micropollutants, the large number of parameters to be estimated for many available water quality models, and the difficulty to transfer parameter estimates from calibration sites to areas 20 where predictions are needed.To overcome these difficulties, we used the parsimonious iWaQa model that simulates herbicide transport from agricultural fields and diffuse biocide losses from urban areas (mainly façades and roof materials) and tested its predictive capabilities in the Rhine River basin. The model only requires between one and eight global model parameters per compound that need to 25 be calibrated. Most of the data requirements relate to spatially distributed land use and comprehensive time series of precipitation, air temperature and spatial data on discharge.The model was calibrated with data sets from three different small catchments (0.5 -24.6 km 2 ) for three agricultural herbicides (isoproturon, S-metolachlor, terbuthylazine) and two urban biocides (carbendazim, diuron). Subsequently, it was 30 validated for different years on 12 catchments of much larger size (31 -160'000 km 2 ) without any modification. For most compound-catchment combinations, the model predictions revealed a satisfactory correlation (median r 2 : 0.5) with the observations and the peak concentrations mostly predicted within a factor of two to four (median: 2.1 fold difference for herbicides and 3.2 for biocides respectively). The seasonality of the peak concentration was also well simulated, the predictions of the actual timing of peak concentrations however, was generally poor. 35Limited spatio-temporal data, first on the use of the selected pesticides and second on their concentrations in the river network, restrict the possibilities to scrutinise model performance. Nevertheless, the results strongly suggest that input data and model structure are major sources of predictive uncertainty. The latter is for example seen in background concentrations that are systematically overestimated in certain regions, which is most probably linked to the modelled coupling of 40 background concentrations to land use intensity.H...

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“…Além disso, inúmeras novas substâncias, de natureza xenobiótica ou não, vem sendo comercializadas anualmente sem que suas interações com o meio ambiente, e particularmente os solos, nem sua toxicidade sobre os organismos (macro e micro) tenham sido avaliadas. 195 Estes, frequentemente denominados micro e nanopoluentes (em razão das suas concentrações ng ou µg kg -1 ou L -1 ) incluem, pesticidas, nanopartículas manufaturadas e fármacos, entre outros. 196 Muitos estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos sobre estes contaminantes em solos de regiões temperadas sobre sua mobilidade e sua biodisponibilidade, destinados a modelar seu comportamento e prever a sua concentração e toxicidade em solos.…”

Section: Litosferaunclassified

A Química Ambiental no Brasil nos 40 anos da SBQ

Canela¹,

Fostier²,

Grassi³

2017

Quim. Nova

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ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY IN BRAZIL IN 40 YEARS IN THE SBQ. This paper aims to present an overview of the ongoing of the Brazilian environmental chemistry over the last forty years inserted in the context of the Brazilian Chemical Society (SBQ). Initially, a brief history presents the main milestones and premise of its "birth" in the 1980s, as well as the set of major actions taken within the SBQ to consolidate and strengthen this area of research. Then, in a separated approach between atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, we present the evolution of the main topics covered in Environmental Chemistry in Brazil, as well as the contribution of the chemists in the interdisciplinary scenario that constitutes this area. Finally, an overview of the evolution of the teaching of Environmental Chemistry in Brazil is presented.Keywords: environmental chemistry, atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, HISTÓRICO DA QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL NO BRASILNo Brasil, a Química Ambiental se desenvolveu a partir de um vínculo estreito com a Química Analítica, que se consolidou com base em uma escola consolidada e tradicional, com uma visão clássica sobre seu papel e voltada, em primeira instância, para o desenvolvimento de protocolos analíticos e elucidação de problemas estabelecidos dentro do laboratório. Portanto, boa parte dos primeiros químicos ambientais tinha uma forte ligação com a Química Analítica e eram poucos aqueles com experiência em trabalhos de campo e amostragem ambiental. Nos anos 1980, a pesquisa em Química Ambiental conduzida em nosso país tinha como base o monitoramento de espécies químicas presentes na hidrosfera, atmosfera e biota.1 Existem documentos evidenciando a escassez de atividades de pesquisa dedicadas ao estudo da reatividade química e comportamento de poluentes não apenas nos três compartimentos mencionados anteriormente, mas igualmente em suas interfaces.2 Estas circunstâncias resultaram em um desenvolvimento mais lento da Química Ambiental brasileira, quando comparada com a de outros países, especialmente os desenvolvidos. Não obstante estes aspectos, nos dias atuais a Química Ambiental ocupa posição de destaque no cenário científico nacional, tendo igualmente alcançado projeção internacional. Vários eventos científicos também têm contribuído para isso, tais como as Reuniões Anuais da Sociedade Brasileira CENÁRIO DE ESTUDO DA QUÍMICA AMBIENTAL NO BRASILPara contemplar o cenário das pesquisas em Química Ambiental no Brasil, decidimos dividir os estudos em hidrosfera, atmosfera e litosfera, embora estes compartimentos sejam integrados e não haja um mais importante que o outro e tampouco podem ser vistos separadamente. Além disso, este texto não tem a pretensão de fazer uma revisão exaustiva das publicações nestas áreas dentro da Química Ambiental, mas sim de apresentar um panorama da evolução e dos temas que foram e estão sendo estudados nestes 40 anos da Sociedade Brasileira de Química, apresentando exemplos de alguns destes trabalhos. Atmosfera

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Synthetic chemicals as agents of global change

Cited by 550 publications

References 30 publications

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

Modelling biocide and herbicide concentrations in catchments of the Rhine basin

A Química Ambiental no Brasil nos 40 anos da SBQ

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