Synthetic Methods for Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Review

Abstract

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) semiconductor nanoparticles are one kind of important and promising photocatalysts in photocatalysis because of their unique optical and electronic properties. Their properties, which are determined by the preparation method, are very crucial in photocatalysis. In this chapter, an overview was carried out on the different methods that are used or have been used to prepare titanium dioxide nanoparticles. There are various methods that can be used to synthesize TiO 2 and the most commonly used methods include sol-gel process, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and hydrothermal method among others. This review will focus on selected preparation methods of titanium dioxide photocatalyst.

Controlling morphological parameters of a nanotubular TiO2 coating layer prepared by anodic oxidation

“…A high concentration of F − (greater than 1 wt%) retard the titanium oxide formation, as the available Ti 4+ immediately reacts with the fluoride ions, forming [TiF 6 ] 2− . The final result would be similar to an electrolytic polishing process [12,32]. 3.2.…”

Insights into Theranostic Properties of Titanium Dioxide for Nanomedicine

“…The fabrication of TiO 2 NSs can be broadly classified as bottom-up (an individual element progresses through homogeneous nucleation and growth) and top-down processes (the successive fragmentation of a bulk material into a series of nanoscale structures) [1][2][3]. The most common TiO 2 NSs (listed below) can be fabricated by both bottom-up and topdown strategies to introduce a specific theranostic feature for biomedical applications.…”

“…An inexpensive mass production of pharmaceutical TiO 2 nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution, adjustable polymorphism, and surface property can feasibly accelerate their use for biomedical applications such as therapeutic delivery and diagnosis [41]. Bottom-up techniques, including sono-chemical strategies, hydrothermal approaches, microwave processes, chemical/physical vapor deposition, microemulsion, and sol-gel techniques, have been mostly applied to generate narrow-sized TiO 2 nanoparticles with a flexible surface chemistry in comparison to the top-down processes [1,41,42].…”

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) bulk materials are often employed in medical applications and devices, including implants, facial cosmetic surgeries, cardiovascular devices, external prostheses, as well as surgical instruments. When approaching nanoscale dimensions of bulk TiO 2 , quantum confinement occurs over superfine pieces and introduces new physical, mechanical, optical, and electronic properties [1,2]. Compared to conventional bulk materials, TiO 2 nanostructures (NSs), developed in different morphologies (i.e., sphere, tube, cylinder, fiber, sheet, whisker, wire, and rod) through feasible and reproducible fabrication strategies, have been employed in a wide range of leading-edge biomedical applications [2][3][4][5][6].…”

The Influence of The Light-Activated Titania P25 on Human Breast Cancer Cells

“…Due to high costs of production, the global production of ultrafine titania is lower than 0.25% of the global production of all titania products. Among the sixty largest titania manufactures, only six in Japan (Sakai Chemical, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Denka, Tayca, Titan Kogyo, Nippon Aerosil (part of Evonik)) and three in Germany (EMD Chemicals Performance Materials, Evonik/Degussa, Sachtleben) boast production facilities for nano-TiO 2 [14].…”