Synthetic Strategies and Biological Potential of Coumarin-Chalcone Hybrids: A New Dimension to Drug Design

Abstract

Privileged scaffolds are ubiquitous as effective templates in drug discovery regime. Natural and synthetically derived hybrid molecules are one such attractive scaffold for therapeutic agent development due to their dual or multiple modes of action, minimum or no side effects, favourable pharmacokinetics and other advantages. Coumarins and chalcone are two important classes of natural products affording diverse pharmacological activities which make them ideal templates for building coumarin-chalcone hybrids as effective biological scaffold for drug discovery research. Provoked by the promising medicinal application of hybrid molecules as well as those of coumarins and chalcones, the medicinal chemists have used molecular hybridisation strategy to report dozens of coumarin- chalcone hybrids with a wide spectrum of biological properties including anticancer, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-tubercular and so on. The present review provides a systematic summary on synthetic strategies, biological or chemical potential, SAR studies, some mechanisms of action and some plausible molecular targets of synthetic coumarin-chalcone hybrids published from 2001 till date. The review is expected to assist medicinal chemists in the effective and successful development of coumarin- chalcone hybrid based drug discovery regime.

A Promising Therapeutic Scaffold Fusing Chalcone/Coumarin Targeting Colorectal Cancer: Design, Synthesis, Biological and ADME‐tox Modelling

“…These results could be explained by the fact that both, coumarin and chalcone, involve many anticancer mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, ROS production and apoptosis [31,58–60] . This is also in accordance with those previous reports made by Wang and colleagues [46] who showed a coumarin‐chalcone hybrid which efficiently delivered to cells to induce apoptosis through the generation of intracellular ROS in a colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116.…”

“…These results could be explained by the fact that both, coumarin and chalcone, involve many anticancer mechanisms, including cell cycle arrest, ROS production and apoptosis. [31,[58][59][60] This is also in accordance with those previous reports made by Wang and colleagues [46] who showed a coumarin-chalcone hybrid which efficiently delivered to cells to induce apoptosis through the generation of intracellular ROS in a colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116. Besides, in other study, Singh and colleagues [61] had demonstrated that a coumarin-chalcone hybrid caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced intrinsic caspase-dependent apoptosis mediated by alterations in the cellular levels of Bcl-2 family proteins in cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and C33A).…”

Mn3O4 Nanozyme Loaded Thermosensitive PDLLA-PEG-PDLLA Hydrogels for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…The free radical scavenging activity of Mn 3 O 4 was investigated by ABTS and DPPH methods. , In brief, taking the volume ratio of 1:1 for ABTS reserve solution (7 mM) and K 2 S 2 O 8 solution (2 mM), they were mixed and then put in a refrigerator of 4 °C for 12 h in the dark to generate ABTS radicals, which were diluted 50 times with absolute ethanol before use. Different concentrations of Mn 3 O 4 were taken as 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 mg/mL and added to the mixture separately.…”

Diasterieomeric Separation of a Novel Chalcone Derivative by Chiral HPLC

“…5. forefront since it presents a selective, sensitive, and accurate determination of chalcone diastereomers to contribute to the progress of chalcone-based drug discovery [16][17][18][19][20]. The optimized method was fully validated as per the ICH guidelines.…”