Synthetic Wax Esters and Diesters from Crambe and Limnanthes Seed Oils

Abstract

His work involves chemical modifications of new crop seed oils in order to discover and develop new products of industrial utility. He received his bachelor's degree from Northwestern University and his master's degree from Bradley University. Prior to joining the Northern Center, he was employed by Commercial Solvents Corporation.Gayland F. Spencer graduated from Bradley University, Peoria, Illinois, in 1969 and has been engaged in the analysis and identification of lipid constituents. Richard V, Madrigal has been with the Agricultural Research Service for 18 years. Previously he was with the Glidden Company for 4 years. He holds a bachelor's degree from DePaul University. At the present time, he is engaged in characterization of unusual components in plant seed oils. J. A. Rothfus leads Horticultural and Special Crops Evaluation Research at the Northern Regional ResearchCenter investigating all aspects of plant resources utilization. Educated at Drake University and the University of Illinois, Dr. Rothfus has been involved in biochemical and natural products research for over 15 years.

Green waxes, adhesives and lubricants

“…The main natural sources of wax esters have been the seeds of jojoba (Miwa 1984) and spermaceti oil (sperm whale oil; Challinor et al 1969;Spencer & Tallent 1973). The sulphurized form of spermaceti oil was used as an additive in many lubricant applications (Nieschlag et al 1977). Wax esters constitute around 30 per cent of the sebum and meibum that are produced in the sebaceous and meibomian glands and are secreted onto the surface of the skin and eye of some mammals (Downing & Strauss 1974;Nikkari 1974).…”

Oxidative stability of wax esters by thermogravimetric analysis

“…Several wax esters were obtained and tested by the described method. Crambe wax esters A and B represent small and large batch preparations (7) from the acids of Crambe abyssinica. Three different waxes were prepared from the acids of Limnanthes douglassi (unpublished information); mixed esters, from the total acids of the oil; diene wax esters, from monoene-rich acids; and tetraene wax esters, from diene-rich acids.…”

Renewable feedstocks for lubricant production

“…Outside Europe there is signifi cant potential to develop alternative sources of wax esters, in particular jojoba varieties. Alternatively, wax esters can also be produced by chemical catalytic or enzymatic processes from many different plant oils [307][308][309]. This requires long-chain fatty alcohols that can be transesterifi ed with LCFAs to produce a mixture of C 40 -C 42 jojoba-type wax esters.…”

“…Crambe and Limnanthes seed oils, two promising agricultural raw materials, as well as honesty (Lunaria annua L.), can be converted to liquid wax esters similar to those of sperm oil [275,310,311]. Synthetic wax esters and diesters were derived from Limnanthes and partially hydrogenated Crambe seed oils using a pTSA catalyst [307].…”