Renewable feedstocks for lubricant production

Suitable additives for vegetable oil‐based automotive shock absorber fluids: an overview

“…Although base oils from VOs possess natural oxidation‐resisting agents like tocopherol, oryzanol, lignans flavanols, chlorogenic acids, carotene, ascorbic acids, phospholipids and sterols, they lack sufficiency in coping with oxidation challenges in severe service conditions . VOs' natural antioxidants (AOs) are even limited in enduring auto‐oxidation for a sufficiently long period in their shelf lives, because of VOs' natural susceptibility to oxidation, brought about by the presence of the bis‐allylic protons on the polyunsaturated fatty acids . The oxidation of VOs is studied by Li et al .…”

“…Vegetable oils are known to maintain such a high oil film adhering force that cannot be easily washed off a metal face by water, and high stability of molecules within the hydraulic systems, against thermal and mechanical stresses . These property made VOs to have less needs of lubricity and anti‐wear supplements when used in systems with low to medium loading . Notwithstanding, under high loading conditions, VOs will require supplement.…”

“…5,39 VOs' natural antioxidants (AOs) are even limited in enduring auto-oxidation for a sufficiently long period in their shelf lives, 10,37 because of VOs' natural susceptibility to oxidation, brought about by the presence of the bis-allylic protons on the polyunsaturated fatty acids. 28,[40][41][42] The oxidation of VOs is studied by Li et al 43 to be majorly because of the fatty acids having double bond(s). The rate of the oxidation of these fatty acids (unsaturated molecules) was also studied to be highest with linolenic acids, followed by linoleic, then oleic, indicated by the ratio 1(oleic) : 10.3(linoleic) : 20.6 (linolenic).…”

“…Because of that, there is a call for the replacement of the conventional, mineral-based shock absorber fluids 27 with eco-friendly based oil. 27 Except for application specifics, ASA fluids like other hydraulic fluids are basically formulated with an additive package made up of antioxidant(s), antifoamants, corrosion/rust inhibitor(s), pour point depressant(s), detergent, colorant 28 with the addition of friction modifier(s), AW/EP agent(s) 29 and viscosity modifier(s). 12 Several of these supplements/inhibitors are utilised in formulating ASA fluids.…”

Caracterización composicional del fruto de 15 variedades de Jatropha curcas L. en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia

“…La pulpa presenta contenidos de nitrógeno, fósforo, calcio, magnesio y potasio, que permiten su uso como biofertilizante Kumar et al 2012). Sus semillas quemadas con óxido de hierro se han considerado fuente importante en la preparación de barnices o como un sustituto de aceites industriales (Bart et al 2013). En Europa, se emplean en el hilado de lana y en manufacturas textiles; adicionadas con ceniza, se utilizan para la elaboración de jabones caseros (Heller 1996).…”