“…A positive CSF test or any evidence of foetal infection is therefore diagnostic of syphilis, but negative findings do not exclude it (Miller, Slatkin, Meyer, and Silides, 1960). The fact that yaws and syphilis may co-exist (Beerman, Nicholas, Schamberg, and Greenberg, 1962) complicates the issue. Case 3 (Table III) had healed skin lesions of yaws as well as positive CSF findings, and had obviously had both yaws and neurosyphilis.…”