Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review

Almeida, Milena Cristina Duarte de; Cordeiro, António M. R.; Cunha-Oliveira, Aliete; Barros, Daniele Montenegro da Silva; Santos, Diana G. S. M.; Lima, Thaisa Santos; Valentim, Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1002245

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, efforts have not been sufficient to control the disease and research addressing the issue needs to be continued. In Brazil, the Stork Network ( 41 ), the implementation of rapid tests ( 42 ), the compulsory notification of congenital syphilis ( 43 ), the agenda of strategic actions to reduction of syphilis ( 44 ) and the No Syphilis Project ( 45 ) are governmental measures instituted that strengthen the maternal and child area, which contribute in terms of increasing the detection and notification of the disease, but it has also not been sufficient to eliminate congenital syphilis in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trend and factors associated with spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in Brazil: An ecological study

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveThe study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of congenital syphilis in Brazil in the period from 2008 to 2018 and its spatial distribution in the Immediate Regions of Urban Articulation, and to identify spatial correlations with socioeconomic factors and prenatal care.MethodsSpatial correlations between the incidence of congenital syphilis and socioeconomic conditions and access to prenatal care were assessed. This ecological study conducted a time series analysis in Brazil and spatial analysis in 482 Immediate Regions of Urban Articulation. Cases of congenital syphilis reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System and the Live Birth Information System from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018 were included. Socioeconomic conditions (percentage of individuals with inadequate water supply and sanitation) were extracted from the 2010 census, whereas the Live Birth Information System provided data on access to prenatal care (percentage of live births with 1–3 prenatal care appointments). The Joinpoint Regression software performed the temporal trend analysis, while the GeoDa software assessed territorial clusters using the Moran’s I and Local Spatial Association Indicator.ResultsThe incidence of congenital syphilis showed an upward trend (annual percent change 1 = 26.96; 95% CI: 18.2–36.3; annual percent change 2 = 10.25; 95% CI: 2.7–28.4) and was unevenly distributed across Immediate Regions of Urban Articulation in Brazil (Moran’s I = 0.264, p ≤ 0.05). It also presented a direct spatial correlation with the percentage of individuals with inadequate water supply and sanitation (Moran’s I = 0.02, p ≤ 0.05) and the percentage of live births with 1–3 prenatal care appointments (Moran’s I = 0.03, p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionAgrowth trend of congenital syphilis in Brazil was observed between 2008 and 2018. Moreover, inequalities in socioeconomic conditions and access to prenatal care influenced the spatial distribution of this disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trend and factors associated with spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in Brazil: An ecological study

et al. 2023

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“…Acquired syphilis is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Although it has been recognized since the 15 th century, it continues to represent a contemporary challenge, affecting millions of people, with an annual estimate of 7.1 million (3.8-10.3 million) new infections between 2016 and 2020 worldwide [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to this enduring public health issue, syphilis has been incorporated into the Sustainable Development Goals of Agenda 2030, launched by the United Nations (UN), and the Strategic Guidelines for the Elimination of Sexually Transmitted Infections by the World Health Organization (WHO), which aim to reduce the incidence of T. pallidum infections by 90% [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and risk factors associated with acquired syphilis in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users

Pedrosa,

Pinheiro,

Filho

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Acquired syphilis continues to affect millions of people around the world. It is crucial to study it in the context of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) to achieve the goals set out in the 2030 Agenda since the literature suggests increased risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and factors associated with acquired syphilis among PrEP users. Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort included data on PrEP users from all over Brazil from 2018 to 2020, obtained from the national antiretroviral logistics system. We calculated the proportion of syphilis before PrEP, the incidence during the user’s follow-up, reinfections, and their possible associated factors. We conducted descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate analysis, estimating the crude Relative Risk, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR), and their respective confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Most of the 34,000 individuals who started PrEP were male (89.0%), white (53.7%), self-identified as male (85.2%), homosexual, gay, or lesbian (72.2%), and had 12 schooling years or more (67.8%). Of these, 8.3% had syphilis in the six months before starting PrEP, and 4% had it in the first 30 days of using the prophylaxis. In the 19,820 individuals effectively monitored, the incidence of acquired syphilis was 19.1 cases per 100 person-years, and 1.9% of users had reinfection. The multivariate analysis identified female gender (aOR 0.3; 95%CI 0.2-0.5), being white or Black (aOR 0.9; 95%CI 0.7-0.9 and aOR 0.7; 95%CI 0.7-0.99, respectively) as protective factors for syphilis. Being homosexual, gay, lesbian (aOR 2.7; 95%CI 2.0-3.7) or having a history of syphilis in the six months before PrEP (aOR 2.2; 95%CI 1.9-2.5) were risk factors for syphilis during PrEP use. Behaviors related to the risk of syphilis included accepting something in exchange for sex (aOR 1.6; 95%CI 1.3-1.9), irregular condom use (use in less than half of sexual intercourse sessions; aOR 1.7; 95%CI 1.53-2.1) and recreational drug use (poppers; aOR 1.5; 95%CI 1.53-2.1). Conclusion: Syphilis in the context of PrEP has high rates and is associated with sociodemographic and behavioral factors. We recommend additional studies targeting prevention in this population to curb these figures.

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“…Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) that represents a global challenge to health systems [1] and society as a whole, as its elimination is a goal yet to be achieved [2 , 3] . Despite its invisibility, syphilis is one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing a national health surveillance strategy to reduce mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: The case of Brazilian investigation committees

et al. 2023

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Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review

Abstract: and Valentim RAM ( ) Syphilis response policies and their assessments: A scoping review.

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Temporal trend and factors associated with spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in Brazil: An ecological study

Temporal trend and factors associated with spatial distribution of congenital syphilis in Brazil: An ecological study

Incidence and risk factors associated with acquired syphilis in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis users

Analyzing a national health surveillance strategy to reduce mother-to-child transmission of syphilis: The case of Brazilian investigation committees

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