Syrians in Turkey: A Framework for Achieving Social Cohesion with Syrians in Turkey

Abstract

The upheaval and civil uprisings in Syria which started in 2011, escalated into a civil war involving numerous actors in short time, thereby leading to one of the severest humanitarian crises the history has ever witnessed. In 2018, the crisis continues, and is unlikely to come to an end in short and medium terms; even after the end of the war, its impact will be felt deeply across the country. Everything has changed for the Syrians, who lost their lives, homeland. and future. The neighboring countries, particularly Turkey which has 911 kilometers long border with Syria, (as well as Lebanon) are affected from the conflict situation. The first mass movement from Syria to Turkey, involving a group of 252 people, took place on 29 April 2011, subsequently followed by growing number refugees fleeing Syria over the course.In line with the norms enshrined in the international law and the universal principles of human rights, Turkey's approach to the crisis, which envisaged that its borders would be kept open for those who escape the war and persecution, that their basic needs would be met, and that no person would be forcefully returned back to their home country, was maintained and applied until 2016, albeit some exceptional restrictions. This asylum-friendly policy dramatically increased the number of asylum-seekers 1

How Does the Sense of Closeness to God Affect Attitudes toward Refugees in Turkey? Multiculturalism and Social Contact as Mediators and National Belonging as Moderator

“…Although there are occasional conflicts between Syrians and Turks, mutual tolerance prevails thanks to shared values (Kocak et al 2021). In addition, the current government highlighting the Islamic brotherhood and the approach of being Ansar given to the people of Medina who embraced the Prophet Muhammad and his friends who migrated from Mecca to Medina in the history of Islam strengthened the mutual positive view (Ghanbari 2019;Danış and Nazlı 2019;Erdogan 2019). Despite concerns about Syrians in Turkish society, the level of "social acceptance" remains extremely high.…”

Forced Migration and Protection: Turkey’s Domestic Responses to the Syrian Refugees

“…The 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the following 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees set it as international law and provided a clear definition of the refugee. They also created a common and binding international framework for the 145 countries that have signed the convention and the protocol (Erdoğan 2020). While it was an incredible positive step, the Convention relates refuge to the persons who are already outside the country.…”

“…In 2011, the total number of individuals 'under international protection' and those with an application for international protection in Turkey was 58,018 (Erdoğan 2020). In a short time, Turkey has transformed into the country that hosts the largest number of refugees and asylum seekers in the world since 2014.…”

Törökország Szíria-Stratégiája 2011 És 2015 Között

“…A megkönnyített határátlépés nem csupán a harcok következtében otthonaikat elhagyó civileknek, de a szíriai ellenzékben harcolóknak is lehetővé tette, hogy jelentősebb korlátozások nélkül átjussanak a török-szír határon, és menedéket találjanak Törökországban (Bélanger -Saracoglu, 2019). A "nyitott kapuk" politikájának (open-door policy) meghirdetésekor Ankara a szíriai menekültekre következetesen "vendégként" hivatkozott (Kirişci, 2014: 14;Erdoğan, 2020), valamint kiemelte, hogy a határok lezárása, valamint a menedéket keresők belépésének megtagadása nem volna humánus lépés (Tsarouhas, 2019: 30).…”