Syringe type and drug injector risk for HIV infection: a case study in Texas

Zule, William; Desmond, David P.; Neff, James Alan

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00256-8

Cited by 28 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…It is widely believed that over the past few decades pharmacies have transitioned to selling LDS-only insulin syringes in place of HDS-insulin syringes due to concerns of medication waste and dosing inaccuracies in diabetics self-administering insulin (Zule, Desmond, & Neff, 2002). However, our results indicate that not all insulin syringes are LDSS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Ordering of LDS-only products would reduce HDSS inventory and ultimately increase LDSS use by PWID that purchase syringes in the pharmacy. Despite syringe preferences, PWID can adapt to using LDSS based on pharmacy syringe availability and accessibility (Zule, et al, 2002). LDSS would also benefit syringe users with medical need by reducing the potential for dosing inaccuracies and medication waste.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dead space in over-the-counter syringes: The implications for HIV and HCV transmission

Oramasionwu

Bailey

Moore

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dead space in over-the-counter syringes: The implications for HIV and HCV transmission

Oramasionwu

Bailey

Moore

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…Reasoning by analogy, the effect of PWID in a community using all HDSS vs. LDSS would have the same impact on injection-related HIV transmission as a 3 log 10 increase in community viral load. Accordingly, we would expect HIV incidence rates due to syringe sharing to be about 35 times higher (3.32 3 ) in areas, where everyone uses HDSS than in areas where everyone uses only LDSS, assuming other risk behaviors are similar.…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The finding that HCV survives for up to 1 day in LDSS is important as PWID often share syringes within minutes. This situation may partially explain why HCV prevalence is often high even in cities where almost everyone uses only LDSS [3].…”

Section: Key Pointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically most HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been attributed to sharing needles and syringes [1,2], but data on the specific needles and syringes PWID use and share are rarely collected or reported [3]. The limited available data indicate that syringes used by PWID vary in size and design and that some designs retain substantially more blood after use than others [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low dead-space syringes for preventing HIV among people who inject drugs

Zule¹

2012

Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS

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Circumstantial evidence suggests that LDSS may substantially reduce HIV transmission among PWID, who share syringes. Additional research that links LDSS to reductions in HIV incidence is needed. Most currently available LDSS are 1 ml or smaller and have fixed needles. These cannot be used by PWID 'injecting' larger volumes of fluid and they may be rejected by PWID, who prefer syringes with detachable needles. Nonetheless, LDSS represent a potentially promising intervention that deserves serious consideration.

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Kitchen chemistry: A scoping review of the diversionary use of pharmaceuticals for non‐medicinal use and home production of drug solutions

Hout

2014

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Misuse of pharmaceuticals is of increasing drug policy and public health concern. A scoping review was conducted on the diversionary use of pharmaceuticals for non-medicinal use and home production of drug solutions. The research question was broad: What is known from the existing literature about the diversion of pharmaceuticals for non-medicinal use and for home production of drug solutions? The scoping process centred on the systematic selection, collection, and summarization of extant knowledge within this broad thematic remit. One hundred and thirty-four records were grouped into discrete thematic categories namely: non medicinal use and tampering with pharmaceuticals, oral misuse of codeine cough syrups, homemade drug solutions, and home-produced drug-related harms in the narrative review design. Forms of abuse of codeine cough syrup include mixtures with alcohol or soft drinks ('Purple Drank'), with kratom leaves ('Kratom cocktails'), or chemically altered to extract dextromorphan ('Lemon Drop'). Production of homemade opiates ('Cheornaya', 'Kolyosa', Himiya', 'Braun', 'Krokodil'), methamphetamine ('Vint', 'Pervitin'), methcathinone ('Jeff'), and cathinone ('Boltushka') are described. Displacement patterns between the non-medical use of pharmaceuticals, commercial, and homemade drugs appear dependent on availability of opiates, prescribing practices, supervision of substitution drug dosing, availability of cheap ingredients, policing, and awareness of harms. Adverse health and social consequences relate to the use of unknown and contaminated (end) substances, injecting practices, redosing, medical complications, and death. The review highlights a public health imperative requiring a multidisciplinary approach to quantify potential impact and required integrated policy responses incorporating international regulation, enforcement, health surveillance and service delivery.

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Syringe type and drug injector risk for HIV infection: a case study in Texas

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Dead space in over-the-counter syringes: The implications for HIV and HCV transmission

Dead space in over-the-counter syringes: The implications for HIV and HCV transmission

Low dead-space syringes for preventing HIV among people who inject drugs

Kitchen chemistry: A scoping review of the diversionary use of pharmaceuticals for non‐medicinal use and home production of drug solutions

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