System of Ophthalmology, Volume V. Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction

Duke-Elder, Stewart; Abrams, David

doi:10.1097/00006324-197104000-00009

Cited by 42 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…7,8 Each of our patients had substantial aniseikonia (Ն 5%) associated with macular distortion or traction concurrent with binocular diplopia. A possible contributing factor to their diplopia can be the aniseikonia.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Diplopia Secondary to Aniseikonia Associated With Macular Disease

Benegas

Egbert²,

Engel³

et al. 1999

Arch Ophthalmol

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To provide an explanation for diplopia and the inability to fuse in some patients with macular disease. Methods: We identified 7 patients from our practices who had binocular diplopia concurrent with epiretinal membranes or vitreomacular traction. A review of the medical records of all patients was performed. In addition to complete ophthalmologic and orthoptic examinations, evaluation of aniseikonia using the Awaya New Aniseikonia Tests (Handaya Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was performed on all patients.Results: All patients were referred for troublesome diplopia. Six of the patients had epiretinal membranes and 1 had vitreomacular traction. All 7 patients had aniseikonia, ranging from 5% to 18%. In 5 of the patients the image in the involved eye was larger, and in the other 2 patients it was smaller than in the fellow eye. All patients had concomitant small-angle strabismus and at least initially did not fuse when the deviation was offset with a prism. Response to optical management and retinal surgery was variable.Conclusions: Aniseikonia caused by separation or compression of photoreceptors can be a contributing factor to the existence of diplopia and the inability to fuse in patients with macular disease. Concomitant smallangle strabismus and the inability to fuse with prisms may lead the clinician to the incorrect diagnosis of central disruption of fusion. Surgical intervention does not necessarily improve the aniseikonia.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 83%

Diplopia Secondary to Aniseikonia Associated With Macular Disease

Benegas

Egbert²,

Engel³

et al. 1999

Arch Ophthalmol

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“…It is finished when a further equivalent lens is derived by combination of the equivalent corneal and crystalline lenses to represent the behaviour of the entire optic system. The theoretical basis of the computation is presented in this handbook by WESTHEIMER (1972b) and more extensively by GULLSTRAND (1924) and DUKE-ELDER (1970); SOUTHALL (1964) provides a convenient computational paradigm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These parameters should ideally be obtained from the living eye with an intact circulation; however, in spite of the availability of suitable techniques (HELMHOLTZ, 1924;SORSBY et a1., 1957;DUKE-ELDER, 1970), current human and other schematic eyes are based upon measurements of enucleated and dissected globes. Changes in the dioptric components during growth have, however, been followed by such in vivo methods in rabbit (LUDLAM and TWAROWSKI, 1973) and children (LUDLAM et a1., 1972).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

Hughes¹

1977

Handbook of Sensory Physiology

613

785

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“…Because of the increased incidence of astigmatic errors in eyes with high spherical errors and in amblyopic eyes, all eyes were excluded with 6 dioptres or more of myopia or hypermetropia, and amblyopia. 6 Central corneal astigmatism was measured by standard manual keratometry, using the same JavalSchiotz keratometer for all exams. A meridian of steepest curvature at 907151 was designated as with-the-rule astigmatism; at 165-151 (around 01) as against-the-rule astigmatism, and outside of these meridians as oblique astigmatism.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Epidemiological studies on corneal astigmatism unfortunately do not provide detailed information on the dioptres and meridians of astigmatism in specific age and gender groups. 7,8 For that reason, we included in our study an age-and gendermatched control group of individuals without Graves' ophthalmopathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal astigmatism in Graves' ophthalmopathy

Mombaerts¹,

Vandelanotte²,

Koornneef³

2005

Eye

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Purpose To describe corneal astigmatism in patients under the age of 55 years with Graves' ophthalmopathy and to compare it to a control group. Methods Retrospective, nonrandomized comparative observational case series. A total of 109 patients with inactive Graves' ophthalmopathy and 109 ageand gender-matched control individuals without Graves' ophthalmopathy were examined with manual corneal keratometry. In the Graves' patients, 52% had a CT scan available for review, and 41% underwent orbital, strabismus, and/or eyelid surgery with a follow-up of keratometry over a mean period of 1.7 years after surgery. Results For the dioptres, there was a statistically significant difference between the Graves' and the control eyes at 3-3.25 dioptres in both eyes (t-test, right eyes, P ¼ 0.042; left eyes, P ¼ 0.041). For the meridians, the astigmatism was found to be greater at the meridians 95-1001 (t-test, P ¼ 0.044) and 1051-1101 (t-test, P ¼ 0.017) in the right eyes only. In 10 (9%) Graves' patients, the astigmatism had caused newly acquired reduced visual acuity. Greater astigmatism in dioptres did not correlate with specific CT scan findings (v 2 -test, df ¼ 2, P ¼ 0.187). Following orbital, strabismus, and eyelid surgery, the dioptres and meridians of the astigmatism did not change in 56 (68%) and 66 (81%) eyes, respectively. Conclusion Graves' ophthalmopathy may be associated with greater with-the-rule corneal astigmatism, which, overall, is not influenced by orbital, strabismus, or eyelid surgery. The astigmatism may possibly be caused by softtissue fibrosis in the superolateral orbital region.

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System of Ophthalmology, Volume V. Ophthalmic Optics and Refraction

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

Diplopia Secondary to Aniseikonia Associated With Macular Disease

Diplopia Secondary to Aniseikonia Associated With Macular Disease

The Topography of Vision in Mammals of Contrasting Life Style: Comparative Optics and Retinal Organisation

Corneal astigmatism in Graves' ophthalmopathy

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