System Technology for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Minh, Nguyễn Quang

doi:10.1002/9783527650248.ch33

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The RSOFC is a SOFC in fuel cell operating mode and fundamentally and technologically based on SOFC technology [8,[11][12][13]. The SOFC has been considered for a broad spectrum of power generation applications with systems ranging from watt-size consumer portable devices to multi-megawatt central station power plants.…”

Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…RSOFCs can be based on oxygen ion conducting [3][4][5] or proton conducting [6,7] electrolytes. Notably, oxygen ion conducting electrolytes for RSOFCs permit power generation with CO containing fuels and facilitate internal reforming and direct fuel utilization in fuel cell mode [8] and co-electrolysis of mixtures of H 2 O + CO 2 to produce syngas in electrolysis mode [9,10].…”

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Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Minh¹

2016

Hydrogen Science and Engineering : Materials, Processes, Systems and Technology

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IntroductionWorld energy consumption is projected to grow by about 56% from 2010 to 2040 (from 524 quadrillion to 820 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu)) with consumption increases from all fuel sources (fossil, nuclear, and renewable) and fossil fuels expected to continue supply much of the energy used worldwide (almost 80%) [1]. As use of fossil fuels is projected to increase, world energyrelated CO 2 emissions will grow from 31 billion metric tons in 2010 to 45 billion metric tons in 2040, a 45% increase [1]. Thus, it is expected that future energy systems should be fuel-flexible (flexibility) (to facilitate integration with any type of energy sources) and environmentally compatible (compatibility) (to reduce CO 2 emissions). In addition, such systems should have the characteristics of capability (useful for different functions), adaptability (suitable for various applications and adaptable to local energy needs), and affordability (competitive in costs) (Figure 16.1). Reversible solid oxide fuel cells (RSOFCs), being developed for hydrogen/syngas production and power generation, potentially have all those desired characteristics and, therefore, can serve as a base technology for green, flexible, and cost-competitive future energy systems [2]. This chapter provides an overview of the RSOFC, discusses its hydrogen/syngas production and power generation operations, and reviews the status of the technology and its applications. Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Overview Operating PrinciplesA RSOFC is a device that can operate efficiently in both fuel cell mode for power generation and electrolysis mode for chemical production. Thus, in fuel cell

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Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Minh¹

2016

Hydrogen Science and Engineering : Materials, Processes, Systems and Technology

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“…Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been developed and considered for a broad spectrum of power generation applications, ranging from watt-size devices to multimegawatt systems. The key attractive features of the SOFC are its clean and efficient production of electricity from a wide range of fuels and its design and manufacturing flexibility. − SOFC technology has made significant progress in recent years; however, several critical technical issues, especially those relating to reliability and durability, need to be resolved to move the technology toward commercialization. Current SOFCs operate at high temperatures (800–1000 °C); the high operating temperature limits material choices for cell and ancillary components, enhances cell performance degradation and elemental interdiffusion between components, and increases sealing difficulties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Properties of Novel Cobalt-Free Oxides Nd_xSr_1–xFe_0.8Cu_0.2O_3−δ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) as Cathodes of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Yin

et al. 2014

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Nd x Sr 1−x Fe 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 3−δ (NSFCx, 0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been prepared and evaluated as cathodes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC). Their structure, thermal expansion, electric, and electrochemical properties are investigated. The oxides exhibit all cubic structure and show excellent thermal and electrochemical performance stability. The Nd content (x) significantly affects the properties of NSCFx. NSFC0.5 has been found to be the optimum composition with a peak electrical conductivity of 124 S cm −1 at 700 °C, an average thermal expansion coefficient of 14.7 × 10 −6 K −1 over 25−800 °C, a cathodic polarization resistance (R p ) of 0.071 Ω cm 2 at 700 °C, and a peak power density of 900 mW cm −2 at 800 °C for samarium-doped ceria (SDC)-based single cells with NSFCx cathodes and Ni−SDC anodes. Moreover, no degradation has been observed for the R p at 700 °C within 350 h. The concentration of surface oxygen vacancies and composition dependent crystallographic parameters have been found to be the dominating factors on performance of Nd x Sr 1−x Fe 0.8 Cu 0.2 O 3−δ as IT-SOFC cathodes.

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“…An electrochemical device such as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) may possess configurations that will make it suitable to different applications, as a function of the important variety of materials developed for its fabrication [1].…”

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Versatility of Solid Oxide Reactors

Miranda¹

2016

Matéria (Rio J.)

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An electrochemical device such as the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) may possess configurations that will make it suitable to different applications, as a function of the important variety of materials developed for its fabrication [1].The main objective for SOFC utilization is the electrochemical conversion of energy contained in a fuel, usually hydrogen, into electricity, generating water vapor as byproduct.The SOFC evolution in the last decades began with fuel cells supported by the electrolyte, on top of which the anode is deposited on one side and the cathode on the other side. The conventional electrolyte is usually made of yttria stabilized zirconia, YSZ, to guarantee structural stability without phase changes until the elevated operating temperatures that are used, in the range of 850 to 1000ºC. The conventional anode is made of a mixture of YSZ and nickel oxide, which is reduced to metallic nickel under the anode's reducing atmosphere to act as an electrocatalyst of the electrochemical reaction of interest. The conventional cathode is composed of lanthanum manganite, frequently doped with other chemical elements to improve electronic and ionic conductivities and to control its coefficient of thermal expansion. Electrolyte supported SOFCs possess thick electrolytes, with thicknesses usually greater than 150 μm. This causes important ohmic losses related to the conduction of O 2-ions from the cathode to the anode throughout the electrolyte and limits the magnitude of the power density that can be reached. The next step, still utilizing similar materials, had the objective to decrease operation temperatures below 850ºC, which was achieved fabricating cells supported either by the anode or by the cathode, for which the supporting electrode possessed thicknesses between 300 μm and 1 mm, and a thin electrolyte, with thicknesses ranging from 5 to 50 μm. The use of a thinner electrolyte decreased the ohmic loss in the electrolyte, which has allowed operation in temperatures in the range of 700 to 850ºC. This procedure created the intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells, IT-SOFC [2]. The present development step, representing the third generation of solid oxide fuel cells, is the metal supported cells, MS-SOFC. Furthermore, metallic supports were developed to allow the deposition of all elements that constitute the fuel cell in a controlled way and bearing dimensions suitable for the specific requirements, once a metallic alloy assumed the cellsupporting role. Ferritic steels are frequently used for such application that includes the following iron-based alloys: ITM, with 26 wt% Cr; CROFER 22APU, with 20 to 24 wt% Cr; Sandvik Sanergy, with 22 wt% Cr and type 430 stainless steel, with 22 wt% Cr [3][4][5]. The MS-SOFC presented important advantages such as to facilitate the fabrication procedures, now associated with a metallic support, gaining robustness, but requiring an electrolyte better adapted in terms of coefficient of thermal expansion with the metals above mentioned and with better ionic conductivit...

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System Technology for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Structure and Properties of Novel Cobalt-Free Oxides Nd_xSr_1–xFe_0.8Cu_0.2O_3−δ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) as Cathodes of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Versatility of Solid Oxide Reactors

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System Technology for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Reversible Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology for Hydrogen/Syngas and Power Production

Structure and Properties of Novel Cobalt-Free Oxides NdxSr1–xFe0.8Cu0.2O3−δ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) as Cathodes of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Versatility of Solid Oxide Reactors

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Structure and Properties of Novel Cobalt-Free Oxides Nd_xSr_1–xFe_0.8Cu_0.2O_3−δ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) as Cathodes of Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells