Systematic Assessment of 50 Children With Selective Mutism

Dummit, E. Steven; Klein, Rachel G.; Tancer, Nancy K.; Asche, Barbara; Martin, Jacqueline; Fairbanks, Janet A.

doi:10.1097/00004583-199705000-00016

Cited by 171 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Youths with SAD have few friends, limited extracurricular activities, and may have difficulty with school attendance and underachievement (Khalid-Khan, Santibanez, McMicken, & Rynn, 2007). Additionally, SAD in this population is highly correlated with school refusal, selective mutism, and increased comorbidity with depressive, anxiety, somatoform, and substance use disorders (Dummit et al, 1997;Essau, Conradt, & Petermann, 1999;Last & Strauss, 1990). The social fears characteristic of SAD in youth can cause significant impairment in functioning, and can have long-term detrimental effects due to the disorder's chronic course.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Herbert

Gaudiano

Rheingold

et al. 2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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Early identification and treatment of social anxiety disorder (SAD) is critical to prevent development of a chronic course of symptoms, persistent functional impairment, and progressive psychiatric comorbidity. A small but growing literature supports the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, including SAD, in adolescence. The present randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of group vs. individual CBT for adolescents with generalized SAD in relation to an educational/supportive psychotherapy that did not contain specific CBT elements. All three treatments were associated with significant reductions in symptoms and functional impairment, and in improved social skills. No differences between treatments emerged on measures of symptoms, but the CBT conditions demonstrated greater gains on behavioral measures. The implications of the findings are discussed. KeywordsSocial anxiety disorder; adolescence; social phobia; cognitive behavior therapy Address correspondence to: James D. Herbert, Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Mail Stop 988, 245 N. 15 th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192 or via james.herbert@drexel.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptSocial anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is characterized by a marked and persistent fear and/or avoidance of social situations in which one fears being negatively evaluated by others or being subjected to embarrassment (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). SAD is divided into two subtypes: generalized and non-generalized. Individuals with generalized SAD experience anxiety across most social situations, whereas those with the non-generalized subtype fear a specific social or performance situation (Hofmann, Albano, Heimberg, Tracey, Chorpita, & Barlow, 1999). SAD is widely believed to be among the most prevalent of psychiatric conditions, although most individuals with the disorder are never identified and do not obtain treatment (Chavira, Stein, Bailey, & Stein 2004;Kessler et al., 1994). Without treatment, SAD tends to follow a chronic, unremitting course. Onset is typically in the early teens, with a mean onset of 15.5 years (Schneier, Johnson, Hornig, Liebowitz, & Weissman, 1992). Although the vast majority of research on SAD has focused on adults, the early onset, chronicity, high levels of comorbidity, and substantial distress and functional impairment associated with the disorder highlight the critical importance of effective early ass...

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confidence: 99%

Cognitive behavior therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial

Herbert

Gaudiano

Rheingold

et al. 2009

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…Wie die bisherigen Ausführungen bereits andeuten zeigen Kinder mit SM neben dem Schweigen noch weitere komorbide Auffälligkeiten, zu denen vor allem Angststörungen zäh-len (Dummit et al, 1997;Ford et al, 1998;Rösler, 1981;Steinhausen & Juzi, 1996; für einen Überblick siehe Cohan, Price & Stein, 2006). Kristensen (2000) (Kristensen, 2000) im Überblick.…”

Section: Risikofaktoren Und Komorbide Phänomeneunclassified

“…Mädchen sind dabei häufiger betroffen als Jungen. Das Geschlechterverhältnis beträgt etwa 1.6:1 (Mädchen : Jungen), (Bahr, 2006;Dummit et al, 1997;Steinhausen & Juzi, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Eine hohe Dunkelziffer wird daher sowohl für ein-und im Besonderen für mehrsprachige Kinder vermutet . Die späte oder fehlende Identifikation des SM führt unter anderem dazu, dass Kinder mit SM erst relativ spät eine spezifi- (Dummit et al, 1997;Steinhausen & Juzi, 1996), werden die Kinder erst mit durchschnittlich acht Jahren einer mutismusspezifischen Therapie zugeführt (Remschmidt, Poller, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Henninghausen & Gutenbrunner, 2001). 40% der Kinder bleiben sogar unversorgt (Black & Uhde, 1995;Kumpulainen, Räsänen, Raaska & Somppi, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Selektiver Mutismus bei mehrsprachigen Kindern

Starke

2018

Sprache Stimme Gehör

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“…Selective mutism can be considered an extreme form of social anxiety including features of shyness and behavioral inhibition, where the most prominent feature is the inhibition of speech in select situations. Comorbidity rates between selective mutism and social anxiety disorder range from 70-95% (Dummit et al, 1997;Black & Uhde, 1995) and characteristics such as shyness, anxiousness, withdrawal and seriousness are used to describe both selective mutism and social anxiety alike (Steinhausen & Juzi, 1996;Kumpulainen et al, 1998). Studies have shown that in children aged 7-13 years with SAD, 60% had an additional psychiatric diagnosis, of whom 36% had an anxiety disorder as follows: generalized anxiety disorder 10%; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 10%; specific phobia 10%; and selective mutism 8% (Biedel et al, 1999).…”

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confidence: 99%