Systematic Comparison of Cell Wall-Related Proteins of Different Yeasts

Abstract

Yeast cell walls have two major roles, to preserve physical integrity of the cell, and to ensure communication with surrounding molecules and cells. While the first function requires evolutionary conserved polysaccharide network synthesis, the second needs to be flexible and provide adaptability to different habitats and lifestyles. In this study, the comparative in silico analysis of proteins required for cell wall biosynthesis and functions containing 187 proteins of 92 different yeasts was performed in order to assess which proteins were broadly conserved among yeasts and which were more species specific. Proteins were divided into several groups according to their role and localization. As expected, many Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins involved in protein glycosylation, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) synthesis and the synthesis of wall polysaccharides had orthologues in most other yeasts. Similarly, a group of GPI anchored proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis (Gas proteins and Dfg5p/Dcw1p) and other non-GPI anchored cell wall proteins involved in the wall synthesis and remodeling were highly conserved. However, GPI anchored proteins involved in flocculation, aggregation, cell separation, and those of still unknown functions were not highly conserved. The proteins localized in the cell walls of various yeast species were also analyzed by protein biotinylation and blotting. Pronounced differences were found both in the patterns, as well as in the overall amounts of different groups of proteins. The amount of GPI-anchored proteins correlated with the mannan to glucan ratio of the wall. Changes of the wall proteome upon temperature shift to 42 °C were detected.

The beneficial role ofCandida intermediaandSaccharomyces boulardiiyeasts on the immune response of mice vaccinated with a SARS-CoV-2 experimental vaccine

“…There are extensive variations in yeast cell wall when comparing different fungal species and strains, such as α-glucans in addition to β- glucans, differences in concentration of chitosan, galactomannans and melanin [11]. Although cell wall composition among H. uvarum, P. kluyveri, C. intermedia and S. boulardii is comparable, it was demonstrated by Mateja et al [38] significant differences in their genera regarding patterns of GPI anchored and non-covalently attached proteins, as well as cell wall thickness, permeability, amounts of mannan and glucans. Thus, different responses induced in immune cells may be related to cell wall complexity and its components [39].…”

Characterization and Heterologous Expression of UDP-Glucose 4-Epimerase From a Hericium erinaceus Mutant with High Polysaccharide Production

“…Moreover, large amounts of galactose were detected in the polysaccharides. Therefore, we hypothesize that the bifunctional GAL10P in yeast is responsible for the absence of galactose in wild-type yeast polysaccharides ( Lozančić et al, 2021 ). However, it is difficult to explain the special structure of basidiomycetes.…”

Boosting N-terminally anchored yeast surface display via structural insights intoS. cerevisiaePir proteins

“…Pir phylogeny was inferred in MEGA 11 (Tamura et al, 2021) by applying to the 406 Pir homologues identified in Lozančić et al (2021) the maximum likelihood method and Dayhoff matrix-based model (Schwarz and Dayhoff, 1979). Positions with less than 95% site coverage were eliminated.…”