Systematic Evaluation of Key L-Carnitine Homeostasis Mechanisms during Postnatal Development in Rat

Ling, Binbing; Aziz, Caroline; Alcorn, Jane

doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-66

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Analysis of liver enzyme activity in the present study indicated that GK activity was also increased following PCE 50 treatment, by 37% as compared to the DC group (data not shown). Acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) and carnitine acetyltransferase (Cpt) are important proteins involved in fatty acid β-oxidation [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 5 (ACSL5) is involved in lipogenesis [ 28 , 29 ]. Microarray analysis identified 2 genes with increased liver expression levels and 3 genes with altered adipose expression in PCE-treated db/db mice ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-diabetic effect of purple corn extract on C57BL/KsJ db/db mice

et al. 2015

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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESRecently, anthocyanins have been reported to have various biological activities. Furthermore, anthocyanin-rich purple corn extract (PCE) ameliorated insulin resistance and reduced diabetes-associated mesanginal fibrosis and inflammation, suggesting that it may have benefits for the prevention of diabetes and diabetes complications. In this study, we determined the anthocyanins and non-anthocyanin component of PCE by HPLC-ESI-MS and investigated its anti-diabetic activity and mechanisms using C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.MATERIALS/METHODSThe db/db mice were divided into four groups: diabetic control group (DC), 10 or 50 mg/kg PCE (PCE 10 or PCE 50), or 10 mg/kg pinitol (pinitol 10) and treated with drugs once per day for 8 weeks. During the experiment, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured every week. At the end of treatment, we measured several diabetic parameters.RESULTSCompared to the DC group, Fasting blood glucose levels were 68% lower in PCE 50 group and 51% lower in the pinitol 10 group. Furthermore, the PCE 50 group showed 2- fold increased C-peptide and adiponectin levels and 20% decreased HbA1c levels, than in the DC group. In pancreatic islets morphology, the PCE- or pinitol-treated mice showed significant prevention of pancreatic β-cell damage and higher insulin content. Microarray analyses results indicating that gene and protein expressions associated with glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism in liver and fat tissues. In addition, purple corn extract increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), glucose 6-phosphatase (G6pase) genes in liver, and also increased glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expressions in skeletal muscle.CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that PCE exerted anti-diabetic effects through protection of pancreatic β-cells, increase of insulin secretion and AMPK activation in the liver of C57BL/KsJ db/db mice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-diabetic effect of purple corn extract on C57BL/KsJ db/db mice

et al. 2015

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“…Heart M-CPT1 enzyme activities were measured as reported by Ling et al [ 29 ] with some modifications. Frozen tissue was homogenized in buffer (20 mM HEPES pH 7.4, 140 mM KCl, 10 mM EDTA and 5 mM MgCl 2 ) and after centrifugation; the mitochondrial pellet was resuspended in a homogenization buffer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms Involved in the Improvement of Lipotoxicity and Impaired Lipid Metabolism by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Rich Salvia hispanica L (Salba) Seed in the Heart of Dyslipemic Insulin-Resistant Rats

Creus

Ferreira

Oliva

et al. 2016

JCM

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This study explores the mechanisms underlying the altered lipid metabolism in the heart of dyslipemic insulin-resistant (IR) rats fed a sucrose-rich diet (SRD) and investigates if chia seeds (rich in α-linolenic acid 18:3, n-3 ALA) improve/reverse cardiac lipotoxicity. Wistar rats received an SRD-diet for three months. Half of the animals continued with the SRD up to month 6. The other half was fed an SRD in which the fat source, corn oil (CO), was replaced by chia seeds from month 3 to 6 (SRD+chia). A reference group consumed a control diet (CD) all the time. Triglyceride, long-chain acyl CoA (LC ACoA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) contents, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (M-CPT1) activities and protein mass levels of M-CPT1, membrane fatty acid transporter (FAT/CD36), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) were analyzed. Results show that: (a) the hearts of SRD-fed rats display lipotoxicity suggesting impaired myocardial lipid utilization; (b) Compared with the SRD group, dietary chia normalizes blood pressure; reverses/improves heart lipotoxicity, glucose oxidation, the increased protein mass level of FAT/CD36, and the impaired insulin stimulated FAT/CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane. The enhanced M-CPT1 activity is markedly reduced without similar changes in protein mass. PPARα slightly decreases, while the UCP2 protein level remains unchanged in all groups. Normalization of dyslipidemia and IR by chia reduces plasma fatty acids (FAs) availability, suggesting that a different milieu prevents the robust translocation of FAT/CD36. This could reduce the influx of FAs, decreasing the elevated M-CPT1 activity and lipid storage and improving glucose oxidation in cardiac muscles of SRD-fed rats.

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“…Total CPT activity was determined spectrophotometrically according to the method of Ling et al [21]. Briefly, aliquot of the liver homogenate equivalent to 20 μg protein was mixed in 200 μL of reaction buffer containing 20 mM HEPES, 1 mM EGTA, 220 mM sucrose, 40 mM KCl, 0.1 mM 5,5ʹ-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid), 1.3 mg/mL BSA, and 40 μM palmitoyl-CoA, pH 7.4.…”

Section: Determination Of Hepatic Carnitine Palmitoyl Transferase (Cpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naringin enhances reverse cholesterol transport in high fat/low streptozocin induced diabetic rats

Rotimi

Adelani

Bankole

et al. 2018

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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Naringin, a citrus-derived flavonoid with antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and antioxidant properties, is reported to be a useful nutraceutical in the management of diabetes and its complications. This study investigated the mechanism of antiatherogenic properties of naringin in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) using high fat-low streptozocin rat model of T2DM. Rats were treated daily with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg naringin orally for 21days. Levels of biomarkers of T2DM, lipid profile and activity of paraoxonase (PON) were assayed spectrophotometrically. The levels of expression of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), scavenger receptor class B member 1 (Scarb1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), hepatic Lipase (Lipc), and lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (Lcat) were assessed using relative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction technique. Naringin treatment resulted in a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the levels of plasma cholesterol and triglyceride from 84.84 ± 1.62 to 55.59 ± 1.50 mg/dL and 123.03 ± 15.11 to 55.00 ± 0.86 mg/dL, respectively, at 200 mg/kg naringin. In the liver, Scarb1 and Ahr were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated at 200 mg/kg naringin while Lipc and Lcat were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated by 50 mg/kg naringin. T2DM-induced decrease in PON activities in the plasma, liver and HDL was significantly (p < 0.05) reversed by 200 mg/kg naringin treatment. These genes play critical roles in reverse cholesterol transport and hence our results showed that the antiatherogenic property of naringin in T2DM involves enhancement of reverse cholesterol transport and PON activity.

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Systematic Evaluation of Key L-Carnitine Homeostasis Mechanisms during Postnatal Development in Rat

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Anti-diabetic effect of purple corn extract on C57BL/KsJ db/db mice

Anti-diabetic effect of purple corn extract on C57BL/KsJ db/db mice

Mechanisms Involved in the Improvement of Lipotoxicity and Impaired Lipid Metabolism by Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Rich Salvia hispanica L (Salba) Seed in the Heart of Dyslipemic Insulin-Resistant Rats

Naringin enhances reverse cholesterol transport in high fat/low streptozocin induced diabetic rats

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