Systematic features of defocused images in scanning electron microscopy and nanoscale size measurements

Maksimov, K. S.

doi:10.1134/s1063782609130235

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In this study, the effect of habital defocusing is treated based on the notion of the action curve, but all laws remain also valid for the action surface, that is in application to 3D intensity distributions. The action curve I Σ is described by the expression [28]:…”

Section: Methods Of Habit Determination Founded On the Use Of Convergmentioning

confidence: 99%

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

Maksimov¹,

Maksimov²,

Soukhov³

2011

JBNB

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Nanoparticles provide great advantages but also great risks. Risks associating with nanoparticles are the problem of all technologies, but they increase in many times in nanotechnologies. Adequate methods of outgoing production inspection are necessary to solve the problem of risks, and the inspection must be based on the safety standard. Existing safety standard results from a principle of “maximum permissible concentrations or MPC”. This principle is not applicable to nanoparticles, but a safety standard reflecting risks inherent in nanoparticles doesn’t exist. Essence of the risks is illustrated by the example from pharmacology, since its safety assurance is conceptually based on MPC and it has already come against this problem. Possible formula of safety standard for nanoparticles is reflected in many publications, but conventional inspection methods cannot provide its realization, and this gap is an obstacle to assumption of similar formulas. Therefore the development of nanoparticle industry as a whole (also development of the pharmacology in particular) is impossible without the creation of an adequate inspection method. There are suggested new inspection methods founded on the new physical principle and satisfying to the adequate safety standard for nanoparticles. These methods demonstrate that creation of the adequate safety standard and the outgoing production inspection in a large-scale manufacturing of nanoparticles are the solvable problems. However there is a great distance between the physical principle and its hardware realization, and a transition from the principle to the hardware demands great intellectual and material costs. Therefore it is desirable to call attention of the public at large to the necessity of urgent expansions of investigations associated with outgoing inspections in nanoparticles technologies. It is necessary also to attract attention, first, of representatives of state structures controlling approvals of the adequate safety standard to this problem, since it is impossible to compel producers providing the safety without the similar standard, and, second, of leaders of pharmacological industry, since their industry already entered into the nanotechnology era, and they have taken an interest in a forthcoming development of inspection methods

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Section: Methods Of Habit Determination Founded On the Use Of Convergmentioning

confidence: 99%

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

Maksimov¹,

Maksimov²,

Soukhov³

2011

JBNB

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“…Second, the image is completely determined by the stage of generation of recoil electrons, i.e., by the corpuscular properties of particles, whereas the role of the process based on the wave properties of an electron is reduced only to changes in the sizes of the probe. When the illuminating electron beam scans the surface of a relief object, the probe becomes alternately farther and closer to the focusing plane, and its sizes change, i.e., defocusings arise [20]. As a result, the object affects the parameters of the probe.…”

Section: The Problem Of Size Characterization Of Nano-objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider only the general regularities of habit defocusings and the possibilities of their use for purposes of metrology. The figure describing the habit defocusings is termed the "action surface," and its cross section along a certain direction is called the "action curve" [20]. The action surface and the action curve uniquely reflect the shape of an object and can be used in measuring the object sizes.…”

Section: The Problem Of Size Characterization Of Nano-objectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Approach to the Habit Determination of Nano-Objects by SEM

Maksimov¹,

Maksimov²

2013

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology

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A novel approach to the inspection of nanoparticle habit was proposed in our previous papers. This approach is based on a joint analysis of two scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images corresponding to different convergences of illuminating electron beams. However, increasing convergence worsens an image as the result of spherical aberration. Therefore, for the first time in this paper we describe in detail a new approach which is an alternative to the method of two convergences. It is based on the use of two defocusings which are identical in size, but opposite in signs, thereby. simplifying the demands of SEM.

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Problem of safety in nanoparticle mass production and its solution by means of advanced scanning electron microscopy

Maksimov

2011

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Systematic features of defocused images in scanning electron microscopy and nanoscale size measurements

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

A New Approach to the Habit Determination of Nano-Objects by SEM

Problem of safety in nanoparticle mass production and its solution by means of advanced scanning electron microscopy

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