Systematic Increase in Pollen Carryover and Its Consequences for Geitonogamy in Plant Populations

Morris, William F.; Price, Mary V.; Waser, Nickolas M.; Thomson, James D.; Thomson, Barbara A.; Stratton, Donald A.

doi:10.2307/3545831

Cited by 70 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This conclusion differs from that of some previous studies (e.g., Morris et al 1994;Harder and Barrett 1996), which could occur because dispersal of B. napus pollen differs from dispersal for other species and/or the application of different statistical methods led to contrasting conclusions. These alternatives cannot be distinguished without analyzing data for various species with our methods; however, several aspects of the effect of dispersal variance on model fitting raise the possibility that this contrast has a statistical basis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Consequently, represents the av-1 Ϫ p erage proportion of ultimately deposited pollen that is carried over on the pollinator between flower visits (carryover fraction; Morris et al 1994). Subsequent analysis of pollen dispersal by bumblebees and hummingbirds suggested that average deposition commonly declined faster than expected for geometric decay among the initial recipient flowers in a sequence but then persisted for more recipients than expected (Morris et al 1994;Harder and Barrett 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relevant differences among pollinators of the same or different species include average pollen removal and deposition per visit, the average incidence and intensity of processes that cause pollen loss during transport (e.g., grooming), and the frequency and distance of movement within and among plants (e.g., Wilson and Thomson 1991;Stone 1996;Castellanos et al 2003;Fumero-Cabán and Meléndez-Ackerman 2007). Finally, stochastic variation in pollen removal, loss, and deposition as individual pollinators carry pollen from one flower or plant to others can arise from differing pollinator position and visit duration and from variation in stigma and anther positions (Lertzman and Gass 1983;Waser and Price 1984;Thomson 1986;Morris et al 1994;Cresswell 1999). Curiously, although the causes of variation in pollen dispersal are widely recognized, its ecological and evolutionary consequences have received little attention (although see Lertzman and Gass 1983;Galen and Rotenberry 1988;Burd 1995;Harder and Wilson 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

Richards¹,

Williams²,

Harder³

2009

The American Naturalist

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. abstract: Pollen dispersal by animals varies extensively because of differences in pollinator visitation rates among plants, dissimilar pollination by the various pollinators that visit individual plants, and stochastic variation in deposition as an individual pollinator disperses a plant's pollen to subsequently visited recipient flowers. Such variation reduces expected female and male success if seed production decelerates with increasing pollen receipt, because less than average receipt diminishes mean seed production more than copious pollination increases it (Jensen's inequality). We report empirical studies of the nature and magnitude of pollen dispersal variance, which provide the basis for a numerical model of the consequences of dispersal for expected seed production. Model fitting revealed that dispersal of Brassica napus pollen by bumblebees and especially butterflies exhibited much more variation than is expected of a binomial process and was best modeled as a beta-binomial process with a constant mean. Overdispersion arose primarily during pollen dispersal by individual insects, since differences between individuals of the same pollinator type were limited. Our model revealed variance limitation as a previously unrecognized, substantial, and ubiquitous component of pollen limitation of seed production. Variance limitation should select for floral traits that increase pollinator visitation, reduce dispersal variance, or reduce the postpollination nonlinearities that cause Jensen's inequality.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

Richards¹,

Williams²,

Harder³

2009

The American Naturalist

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“…Zangerl et al (2001) clarified that event selection was important for reducing the environmental impact of transgenic plants. Much research on pollen dispersal has been undertaken from many biological perspectives: genetic purity and pollination biology (e.g., Morris et al, 1994;Young and Schmitt, 1995), paleoecology and phytopathology (e.g., Jackson and Lyford, 1999;Roche et al, 1995), and allergology (e.g., Asero, 2002;Kawashima andTakahashi, 1995, 2000). Gene flow in wind-pollinated crops has been studied in corn (Tufto et al, 1997) and oilseed rape (Paul et al, 1995;Timmons et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An algorithm for estimating potential deposition of corn pollen for environmental assessment

Kawashima

Matsuo

et al. 2004

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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The safety and impact on the environment of transgenic crops are important issues, and studies have shown that pollen from transgenic Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) corn (Zea mays L.) may kill nontarget insects. To develop an algorithm for assessing the environmental effect of transgenic crops, we arranged a field experiment in Tsukuba, Japan. Pollen dispersal and deposition were measured inside and outside a cornfield throughout the flowering period. Weather conditions such as wind speed and direction were measured at the same time. Pollen dispersal peaked 1 week after the start of flowering and continued for 12 days thereafter. The variation in daily pollen dispersal was similar at all observation points. Both pollen dispersal and deposition decreased exponentially with distance from the cornfield on all days. We estimated potential pollen deposition with a quasimechanistic model that incorporates the effects of wind direction, wind speed, and flowering intensity. The daily potential deposition was summed over the flowering period, and then the relationship between distance from the cornfield and the integrated potential deposition was estimated. It was possible to show the effective area of the environmental risk zone posed by genetically modified pollen by combining the distance/deposition relationship with the dose/response relationship derived from a laboratory assay. The algorithm described here can be applied to various wind-pollinated plants to estimate both potential and integrated pollen deposition.

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“…Modeling pollination processes constituting a major part of pollen flow requires a description of the pollinator movement among flowers within and between flower patches (Cresswell et al 1995;Di Pasquale and Jacobi 1998;Cresswell et al 2002) and the pollen carryover pattern (Morris et al 1994). Modeling seed flow is likely to be a more difficult task, since the time span to be taken into account is much longer, and more stochastic events are involved.…”

Section: Toward Modeling Gene Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward predicting gene flow in plant populations

Washitani

Ishihama

Shimono

et al. 2005

Plant Biotechnology

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For comprehensive understanding of gene flow consisting of pollen flow and seed flow and the consequences, one of the promising approaches is the integration of ecological and genetic studies with a model plant species or related species group to disentangle complicated interactions of the ecological and genetic processes. We present a brief summary of research aiming to disentangle the factors affecting gene flow in wild populations of Japanese Primula species as a model of bumblebee-pollinated clonal herbs.

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Systematic Increase in Pollen Carryover and Its Consequences for Geitonogamy in Plant Populations

Cited by 70 publications

References 32 publications

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

Variation in Pollination: Causes and Consequences for Plant Reproduction

An algorithm for estimating potential deposition of corn pollen for environmental assessment

Toward predicting gene flow in plant populations

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