Systematic Notes of Anopheles konderi and Its First Record in Paraná State, Brazil

Motoki, Maysa Tiemi; Bourke, Brian P.; Bergo, Eduardo Sterlino; Silva, Allan M. Da; Sallum, Maria Anice Mureb

doi:10.2987/10-6094.1

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…clearly needs to be reassessed. This and other studies [9,16,23] have provided evidence for at least three species in An. konderi s.l.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…konderi s.l. from Amapá, Brazil [GenBank: JF437934-36, JF437926] [23], differing by only two transitions (G/A, position 361 and T/C, position 449) and a two base indels (at positions 264–265). We recognize that such intragenetic variation in ITS2 is not uncommon, having also been detected in An.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…konderi were indeed truly separate species, or whether ongoing introgression between the two species would explain this low level of variation [22]. Recently, Motoki et al [23] using COI , white and ITS2 DNA sequences confirmed that morphologically identified specimens of An. konderi comprised at least three species in the Amazonian region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of the Oswaldoi Complex (Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus) in South America

et al. 2013

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BackgroundEffective malaria control relies on accurate identification of those Anopheles mosquitoes responsible for the transmission of Plasmodium parasites. Anopheles oswaldoi s.l. has been incriminated as a malaria vector in Colombia and some localities in Brazil, but not ubiquitously throughout its Neotropical range. This evidence together with variable morphological characters and genetic differences supports that An. oswaldoi s.l. compromises a species complex. The recent fully integrated redescription of An. oswaldoi s.s. provides a solid taxonomic foundation from which to molecularly determine other members of the complex.MethodsDNA sequences of the Second Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2 - rDNA) (n = 192) and the barcoding region of the Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (COI - mtDNA) (n = 110) were generated from 255 specimens of An. oswaldoi s.l. from 33 localities: Brazil (8 localities, including the lectotype series of An. oswaldoi), Ecuador (4), Colombia (17), Trinidad and Tobago (1), and Peru (3). COI sequences were analyzed employing the Kimura-two-parameter model (K2P), Bayesian analysis (MrBayes), Mixed Yule-Coalescent model (MYC, for delimitation of clusters) and TCS genealogies.ResultsSeparate and combined analysis of the COI and ITS2 data sets unequivocally supported four separate species: two previously determined (An. oswaldoi s.s. and An. oswaldoi B) and two newly designated species in the Oswaldoi Complex (An. oswaldoi A and An. sp. nr. konderi). The COI intra- and inter-specific genetic distances for the four taxa were non-overlapping, averaging 0.012 (0.007 to 0.020) and 0.052 (0.038 to 0.064), respectively. The concurring four clusters delineated by MrBayes and MYC, and four independent TCS networks, strongly confirmed their separate species status. In addition, An. konderi of Sallum should be regarded as unique with respect to the above. Despite initially being included as an outgroup taxon, this species falls well within the examined taxa, suggesting a combined analysis of these taxa would be most appropriate.ConclusionsThrough novel data and retrospective comparison of available COI and ITS2 DNA sequences, evidence is shown to support the separate species status of An. oswaldoi s.s., An. oswaldoi A and An. oswaldoi B, and at least two species in the closely related An. konderi complex (An. sp. nr. konderi, An. konderi of Sallum). Although An. oswaldoi s.s. has never been implicated in malaria transmission, An. oswaldoi B is a confirmed vector and the new species An. oswaldoi A and An. sp. nr. konderi are circumstantially implicated, most likely acting as secondary vectors.

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“…clearly needs to be reassessed. This and other studies [9,16,23] have provided evidence for at least three species in An. konderi s.l.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematics of the Oswaldoi Complex (Anopheles, Nyssorhynchus) in South America

et al. 2013

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“…konderi when using only female characters. Continuing these studies, Motoki et al (2011) [35] increased An. konderi sampling, including representatives of the states of Paraná, Rondônia, Acre and Amapá, and sequences from the ITS2 rDNA, COI barcode region of mtDNA and the single copy nuclear white gene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…triannulatus [34], An. konderi [35], [36], and An. oswaldoi [14], [36] may be more than one species under the same name.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis and DNA-based Species Confirmation in Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus)

et al. 2013

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Specimens of neotropical Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) were collected and identified morphologically. We amplified three genes for phylogenetic analysis–the single copy nuclear white and CAD genes, and the COI barcode region. Since we had multiple specimens for most species we were able to test how well the single or combined genes were able to corroborate morphologically defined species by placing the species into exclusive groups. We found that single genes, including the COI barcode region, were poor at confirming species, but that the three genes combined were able to do so much better. This has implications for species identification, species delimitation, and species discovery, and we caution that single genes are not enough. Higher level groupings were partially resolved with some well-supported groupings, whereas others were found to be either polyphyletic or paraphyletic. There were examples of known groups, such as the Myzorhynchella Section, which were poorly supported with single genes but were well supported with combined genes. From this we can infer that more sequence data will be needed in order to show more higher-level groupings with good support. We got unambiguously good support (0.94–1.0 Bayesian posterior probability) from all DNA-based analyses for a grouping of An. dunhami with An. nuneztovari and An. goeldii, and because of this and because of morphological similarities we propose that An. dunhami be included in the Nuneztovari Complex. We obtained phylogenetic corroboration for new species which had been recognised by morphological differences; these will need to be formally described and named.

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