Systematic position of fish species and ganglioside composition and content

Аврова, Н. Ф.; Ghidoni, Riccardo; Karpova, O B; Nalivayeva, N.N.; Malesci, Anna; Tettamanti, Guido

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(86)90315-9

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Similarly, the lower levels of gangliosides (Avrova et al 1986) and cerebrosides (McColl and Rossiter 1952) and higher glycosylglycerides (Sastry 1985) in fish brain lipids have been reported previously. However, few detailed analyses of fish neural tissue lipids, especially retina, have been performed for direct comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid compositions of the major phosphoglycerides from fish neural tissues; (n−3) and (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) brains and retinas

Tocher

Harvie

1988

Fish Physiol Biochem

333

225

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The fatty acid compositions of brain phosphoglycerides from a freshwater fish, the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), and a marine fish, the cod (Gadus morhua), were determined and compared with those from a terrestrial mammal, the rat. Fish brain lipids were characterized by a higher degree of unsaturation encompassing increased percentages of (n-3)PUFA (22∶6 and 20∶5) and lower percentages of (n-6)PUFA (20∶4 and 22∶4). However the distribution of fatty acids and specific PUFA between different phosphoglycerides was essentially similar in rat and fish brain tissue. PE and PS contained the highest percentages of 22∶6(n-3), PI was characterized by higher 18∶0 and 20∶4(n-6)/20∶5(n-3), and PC had higher 16∶0 and the lowest percentage of PUFA in all species. A generally similar pattern was found in the fish retinal phosphoglycerides except that PC was also rich in 22∶6(n-3). Overall trout brain phosphoglycerides were slightly more unsaturated than the cod lipids but with lower (n-3)/(n-6) ratios whereas cod retinal lipids were more unsaturated than the trout retinal lipids.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid compositions of the major phosphoglycerides from fish neural tissues; (n−3) and (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) brains and retinas

Tocher

Harvie

1988

Fish Physiol Biochem

333

225

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“…The problem of all future comparative immunohistochemical interspecies studies would be similar: a ; GalT-II -galactosyltransferase II (GA1/GM1/GD1b/GT1c-synthase); GalT-III -galactosyltransferase III (galactosylceramide synthase); GLCC -glucosylceramidase; GlcT -glycosiltransferase (glucosylceramide synthase); GM2A -GM2 activator protein; HEX -b-N-acetylhexosaminidase; SA -sialic acid; SAP -saposin; ST-I -sialyltransferase I (GM3-synthase); ST-II -sialyltransferase II (GD3-synthase); ST-III -sialyltransferase III (GT3-synthase); ST-IV -sialyltransferase IV (GM1b/GD1a/GT1b/GQ1c-synthase); ST-V -sialyltransferase V (GD1c/GT1a/GQ1b/GP1c-synthase); ST-VII -sialyltransferase VII (GD1a/GT1a a/GQ1ba/GP1ca-synthase) lack of antibodies toward rare ganglioside structures synthesized in different species, a difference in antibody binding to the ganglioside epitop with a different ceramide anchor [30], alkali-labile modifications in some species [31], accessibility of epitop due to diffe rent density in the membrane and just a few well described model organisms for a big taxa like Teleostea.…”

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confidence: 99%

The quest for the ganglioside functions; what did we learn more from «evo-devo» or signaling of long-term maintenance?

et al. 2010

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Gangliosides are characteristic extracellular-facing plasma membrane determinants in vertebrate brain. The four major gangliosides (GM1, GD1a, GD1b and GT1b) dominate among more than one hundred glycolipid structures in nervous tissue. During brain development the expression of simple gangliosides shifts toward more complex ones, accompanied by a multiple increase in their total amount. The shift is precisely regulated and some specific structures represent well established neurodevelopmental milestones. From the evolutionary perspective, the ganglioside content in fish and amphibian brain is significantly lower than in mammalian brain, but the general variability is greater. More-polar structures, abundant in Antarctic fishes, are rare in higher vertebrates or expressed only in a narrow developmental frame. Reptiles, birds and mammals share identical common structures expressed in similar patterns with minor interspecies differences. On the contrary, fish and amphibian brains show significant interspecies differences in amount, structure and expression patterns. The initial assumption of evolutionary studies was that the variations in lipid content, particularly the glycolipid content, during temperature adaptations in ectothermic and hibernating heterothermic animals, represent an efficient molecular mechanism of the membrane function preservation. Studies of ordered lipid domains in the last decade verified the ganglioside-mediated regulation of membrane proteins (receptor kinases, neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels) as well as receptor-ligand interaction important for cell signaling

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“…Developmental changes in ganglioside composition in brain tissues of different species have been well documented (Suzuki et al,, 1967 ;Yu and Yen, 1975 ;Cochran et al ., 1983 ;Seybold and Rahmann, 1985 ;Yu et al ., 1988) . The brain of some fish species has unique ganglioside compositions characterized by higher concentrations of cseries gangliosides, which differ from the ganglioside patterns of most adult mammalian brains in which aand b-series gangliosides are dominant (Ando and Yu, 1979 ;Avrova et al ., 1979Avrova et al ., , 1986Avrova et al ., , 1988Yu and Ando, 1980 ;Hilbig et al ., 1981 ;Fredman et al ., 1982 ;Greis and R6sner, 1990 ;Kappel et al ., 1993) . It also has been shown that c-series gangliosides are expressed in brain tissues during certain embryonic stages of mammalian (R6sner et al ., 1988 ;Hirabayashi et al ., 1989 ;38'6 Greis and R6sner, 1990) and avian species (R6sner et al ., 1985a,b ;Panzetta et al ., 1987 ;Hirabayashi et al ., 1988) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Sialyltransferase‐IV Activity and Its Involvement in the c‐Pathway of Brain Ganglioside Metabolism

Freischütz

Saito

Rahmann

et al. 1995

Journal of Neurochemistry

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To characterize the sialyltransferase-IV activity in brain tissues, the activities of GMl b-, GD1 a-, GT1 b-, and GQl c-synthases in adult cichlid fish and rat brains were examined using GA1, GM1, GD1 b, or a cod brain ganglioside mixture as the substrate. The GD1 a-synthase activity in the total membrane fraction from cichlid fish brain required divalent cations such as Mg2~o r Mn 2' and Triton CF-54 for its full activity. The Vmax value was 1,340 pmol/mg of protein/h at an optimal pH of 6.5, whereas the apparent Km values for CMP-sialic acid and GM1 were 172 and 78 NM, respectively . Cichlid fish and rat brains also contained GM1 b-, GT1 b-, and GQ1 c-synthase activities. The ratio of GM1 b-, GD1 a-, and GT1 b-synthase activities in fish brain was 1 .00 :0 .89:1 .13, respectively, and in rat brain 1 .00:0 .60:0 .63. Incubation of fish brain membranes with a cod brain ganglioside mixture, which contains GT1c, and [3H]CMP-sialic acid produced radiolabeled GQ1 c. It is interesting that the adult rat brain also contains an appreciable level of GQ1 c-synthase activity despite its very low concentrations of c-series gangliosides. The GD1 a-or GQl c-synthase activity in fish and rat brain was inhibited specifically by coincubation with the glycolipids that serve as the substrates for other sialyltransferase-IV reactions. Thus, the GD1 a-synthase activity was inhibited by GA1 and GD1 b, but not by LacCer, GM3, or GD3 . In a similar manner, the synthesis of GQ1c was suppressed by GA1, GM1, and GD1b, but not by LacCer, GM3, or GD3. The GDla-synthase activity directed toward endogenous GM1 was inhibited by GA1 or GT1 b, whereas the endogenous GT1 b-synthase activity was suppressed by GA1 or GM1 . GA1, GM1, and GD1 b did not affect the endogenous GM3-and GD3synthase activities . These results clearly demonstrate that sialyltransferase-IV in brain tissues catalyzes the reaction for GQ1 c synthesis in the c-pathway as well as the corresponding steps in the asialo-, a-, and b-pathway in ganglioside biosynthesis . Key Words: Sialyltransferase-Gangliosides-GQ1c-Brain -Fish-c-Series gangliosides. J. Neurochem. 64, 385-393 (1995) .Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids and are enriched especially in vertebrate ner-nomenclature is according to Svennerholm (1963) .

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Systematic position of fish species and ganglioside composition and content

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Fatty acid compositions of the major phosphoglycerides from fish neural tissues; (n−3) and (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) brains and retinas

Fatty acid compositions of the major phosphoglycerides from fish neural tissues; (n−3) and (n−6) polyunsaturated fatty acids in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and cod (Gadus morhua) brains and retinas

The quest for the ganglioside functions; what did we learn more from «evo-devo» or signaling of long-term maintenance?

Characterization of Sialyltransferase‐IV Activity and Its Involvement in the c‐Pathway of Brain Ganglioside Metabolism

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