Systematic Review of Effectiveness of Chitosan as a Biofunctionalizer of Titanium Implants

Abstract

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide extracted from the shells of crustaceans that has been proposed as a scaffold in tissue engineering. Certain studies have proven a greater osseointegration of titanium surfaces that are functionalized with chitosan. The MEDLINE, CENTRAL, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were electronically searched for in vivo studies. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Animal models, implant site, chitosan incorporation methods, and methods of analysis were emphasized. The selected studies were individually discussed regarding the coatings, osseointegration potential, and suitability of the experimental models used, analyzing their limitations. We concluded that chitosan-biofunctionalized titanium surfaces have greater osseointegration capacity that uncoated control titanium alloys.

Mineralization in a Critical Size Bone-Gap in Sheep Tibia Improved by a Chitosan-Calcium Phosphate-Based Composite as Compared to Predicate Device

“…A chitosan/dicarboxylic acid scaffold was shown in vivo to be an effective bone regeneration material with good osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties [26]. In a review paper, titanium surfaces functionalized with chitosan were concluded to have greater osseointegration capacity than uncoated controls [27]. Thitiset et al [28], used chitoologosaccharide for preparation of composites that did show promising results in cell culture, as well as for new bone formation in vivo.…”

Bone Quantification Around Chitosan-Coated Titanium Dental Implants: A Preliminary Study by Micro-CT Analysis in Jaw of a Canine Model

“…Likewise, its high biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and biodegradability, in addition to being non-toxic ( Tajdini et al, 2010 ), are noteworthy. For all these reasons, its ability to increase cell adhesion and protein adsorption in Ti coatings has been highlighted, which would be beneficial for improving the osseointegration of dental implants ( Bumgardner et al, 20032003 ; Bumgardner et al, 2003 ; López-Valverde et al, 2021 ). Muzzarelli et al ( Muzzarelli et al, 1994 ) demonstrated in a clinical trial on 10 patients, bone neoformation and mineralization of post-extraction sockets, due to the cationic nature and chelating ability of Cht; these results would highlight the potential of Cht coatings to support and facilitate osseointegration of orthopedic and craniofacial implants.…”

Lipid Nanocarriers-Loaded Nanocomposite as a Suitable Platform to Release Antibacterial and Antioxidant Agents for Immediate Dental Implant Placement Restorative Treatment

“…Based on these considerations, the hydrophobic QRC could be embedded into NLCs and co-administered with the watersoluble CPX by preparing a multifunctional polymeric system. In this context, chitosan (CTS) could be the best polymer to be chosen as it is a natural water-soluble (pH ≈ 6.4, below its pKa) polysaccharide derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin found in crustaceans' exoskeletons, insects, and fungi cell walls [41,42]. CTS consists of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine units and its physico-chemical properties depend on its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation [43,44].…”

“…CTS consists of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine units and its physico-chemical properties depend on its molecular weight and degree of deacetylation [43,44]. Moreover, CTS is a biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic polymer featuring biological activities that make it an antioxidant, mucoadhesive, and broad-spectrum antimicrobial polysaccharide [41,42]. The mechanism of action of CTS relies on the interaction between its NH 3 + groups and the negatively charged moieties of the bacterial cell wall, which ultimately leads to cell lysis [43].…”

“…The mechanism of action of CTS relies on the interaction between its NH 3 + groups and the negatively charged moieties of the bacterial cell wall, which ultimately leads to cell lysis [43]. Recently, CTS has been widely employed as drug carrier or scaffold material for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and wound healing also in dentistry [41,42,44,45].…”