Systematic review of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio

Rausch, Jamie; Gillespie, Shannon L.; Orchard, Tonya; Tan, Alai; McDaniel, Jodi C.

doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2020.11.002

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…In a recent review of randomized, controlled trials testing the supplementation of different PUFAs on the circulating levels of these adipokines Rausch et al discussed the considerable influence of dose and duration of intake on the outcome of these studies. Despite appreciable variations in the results of the studies included in the review, the supplementation of different PUFAs appears to be a reasonable measure to reduce adipocyte-induced inflammaging ( Rausch et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Lipids To Improve Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals

Gille¹,

Galuska²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2021

Front. Aging

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Lipids are involved in a broad spectrum of canonical biological functions, from energy supply and storage by triacylglycerols to membrane formation by sphingolipids, phospholipids and glycolipids. Because of this wide range of functions, there is an overlap between age-associated processes and lipid pathways. Lipidome analysis revealed age-related changes in the lipid composition of various tissues in mice and humans, which were also influenced by diet and gender. Some changes in the lipid profile can be linked to the onset of age-related neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease. Furthermore, the excessive accumulation of lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets, has significant implications for the development of inflammaging and non-communicable age-related diseases. Dietary interventions such as caloric restriction, time-restrictive eating, and lipid supplementation have been shown to improve pertinent health metrics or even extend life span and thus modulate aging processes.

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Section: Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Lipids To Improve Health...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals

Gille¹,

Galuska²,

Fuchs³

et al. 2021

Front. Aging

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“…Ramos-Romero et al reported no significant changes in serum adiponectin levels in the n-3 treated rats (85), while some authors documented increased (86) or decreased adiponectin levels (87), the last one corroborating with the present data, although it was associated with omega-6 (n-6) supplementation. The leptin:adiponectin ratio has been pointed out as a better indicator of inflammatory status (88). Unfortunately, we could not evaluate that because samples were insufficient to measure both leptin and adiponectin in samples obtained from the same animal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Does fructose have a protective role on migraine?—experimental evidence in a rat model of metabolic syndrome under omega-3 supplementation

Barbosa¹,

Cunha²,

Silva³

et al. 2022

Ann Transl Med

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Background: Migraine is a highly disabling disease, for which current therapies are limited to symptom alleviation. There is compelling evidence linking migraine with metabolic disorders, but the causal relationship is not clear. Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, with clear benefits in metabolic disorders, but its effects on migraine remains to be tested. We hypothesized that fructose-induced metabolic syndrome could aggravate migraine by increasing neuroinflammation and that n-3 treatment could mitigate it.Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. Animals that received 10% high fructose diet (HFD) or tap water were subdivided into two additional groups: with or without n-3 supplementation. Fifteen days before euthanasia, each group was subdivided into two additional groups: with or without nitroglycerin (NTG)induced migraine.Results: HFD lessened the migraine-like painful symptoms, as indicated by decreased grimace scores, which paralleled with reduced CGRP and leptin serum levels, increased hypothalamic CGRP, and decreased hypothalamic adiponectin and IL-6. There was a recovery of body and adipose tissue weight, besides a reduction of crown-like structures (CLS) in the inguinal adipose tissue. N-3 supplementation had no effect on NTG-related pain, but it decreased body and adipose tissue weight of HFD and tap water NTG-injected rats. N-3 improved NTG-related affective behavior and inflammatory parameters in tap water NTGinjected rats, with decreased hypothalamic TNF, serum CGRP and inguinal adipose-tissue CLS.Conclusions: HFD relieved NTG-induced pain, possibly due to decreased energy expenditure, minimizing migraine energy needs. N-3 exhibited favorable effects regarding affective behavior and central and peripheral inflammation, irrespective of HFD.

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“…It is very well known that the accumulation of AT in obesity is characterized by changes in the circulating levels of various adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin [ 67 ]. Leptin affects both endocrine functions and different aspects of the immune response; it has been demonstrated that elevated leptin in obesity contributes to a low-grade inflammatory state [ 68 ], acting on the regulation of T cells, macrophages, and increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS [ 68 , 69 , 70 ]. In contrast, adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory adipokine, decreased in obesity, acts as an insulin-sensitizing hormone in muscles and the liver; low levels of adiponectin contribute to peripheral insulin resistance [ 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omega-3-Supplemented Fat Diet Drives Immune Metabolic Response in Visceral Adipose Tissue by Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Obesity

et al. 2023

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Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT), and is associated with inflammation mainly in white adipose tissue (WAT) and an increase in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and other immune cells. This milieu favors the secretion of cytokines and adipokines, contributing to AT dysfunction (ATD) and metabolic dysregulation. Numerous articles link specific changes in the gut microbiota (GM) to the development of obesity and its associated disorders, highlighting the role of diet, particularly fatty acid composition, in modulating the taxonomic profile. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a medium-fat-content diet (11%) supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (D2) on the development of obesity, and on the composition of the GM compared with a control diet with a low fat content (4%) (D1) over a 6-month period. The effect of omega-3 supplementation on metabolic parameters and the modulation of the immunological microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was also evaluated. Six-weeks-old mice were adapted for two weeks and then divided into two groups of eight mice each: a control group D1 and the experimental group D2. Their body weight was recorded at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-differential feeding and stool samples were simultaneously collected to determine the GM composition. Four mice per group were sacrificed on week 24 and their VAT was taken to determine the immune cells phenotypes (M1 or M2 macrophages) and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood samples were used to determine the glucose, total LDL and HDL cholesterol LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, leptin, and adiponectin. Body weight measurement showed significant differences at 4 (D1 = 32.0 ± 2.0 g vs. D2 = 36.2 ± 4.5 g, p-value = 0.0339), 12 (D1 = 35.7 ± 4.1 g vs. D2 = 45.3 ± 4.9 g, p-value = 0.0009), and 24 weeks (D1 = 37.5 ± 4.7 g vs. D2 = 47.9 ± 4.7, p-value = 0.0009). The effects of diet on the GM composition changed over time: in the first 12 weeks, α and β diversity differed considerably according to diet and weight increase. In contrast, at 24 weeks, the composition, although still different between groups D1 and D2, showed changes compared with previous samples, suggesting the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in D2. With regard to metabolic analysis, the results did not reveal relevant changes in biomarkers in accordance with AT studies showing an anti-inflammatory environment and conserved structure and function, which is in contrast to reported findings for pathogenic obesity. In conclusion, the results suggest that the constant and sustained administration of omega-3 fatty acids induced specific changes in GM composition, mainly with increases in Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus species, which, in turn, modulated the immune metabolic response of AT in this mouse model of obesity.

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Systematic review of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio

Cited by 14 publications

References 74 publications

Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals

Recent Advances in Studying Age-Associated Lipids Alterations and Dietary Interventions in Mammals

Does fructose have a protective role on migraine?—experimental evidence in a rat model of metabolic syndrome under omega-3 supplementation

Omega-3-Supplemented Fat Diet Drives Immune Metabolic Response in Visceral Adipose Tissue by Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Obesity

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