Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

Bhattacharyya, S.; Biswas, Deeptak; Ghosh, S. K.; Ray, Rajarshi; Singha, Pracheta

doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.054002

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…It is very important to study the behavior of

and

due to their relation to map the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), though

is usually used [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] in the phase diagram. In order to extract

and

, and study their dependence on energy, we can analyze the

(

) spectra of particles using different models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Liu

Olimov

2021

Entropy

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The transverse momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons produced at mid-rapidity in central nucleus–nucleus (AA) collisions at high energies are analyzed by considering particles to be created from two participant partons, which are assumed to be contributors from the collision system. Each participant (contributor) parton is assumed to contribute to the transverse momentum by a Tsallis-like function. The contributions of the two participant partons are regarded as the two components of transverse momentum of the identified particle. The experimental data measured in high-energy AA collisions by international collaborations are studied. The excitation functions of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity are extracted. The two parameters increase quickly from ≈3 to ≈10 GeV (exactly from 2.7 to 7.7 GeV) and then slowly at above 10 GeV with the increase of collision energy. In particular, there is a plateau from near 10 GeV to 200 GeV in the excitation function of kinetic freeze-out temperature.

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“…It is very important to study the behavior of

and

due to their relation to map the phase diagram of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), though

is usually used [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ] in the phase diagram. In order to extract

and

, and study their dependence on energy, we can analyze the

(

) spectra of particles using different models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Liu

Olimov

2021

Entropy

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“…Recently there is a renewed interest in studying multiplicity data [84,85]. However, a more prudent approach has been followed in Ref.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Excluded Volume Hadron Resonance Gas Model with Lorentz Contraction

Pal¹,

Bhattacharyya²,

Ray³

2020

Preprint

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In this work we discuss a modified version of Excluded Volume Hadron Resonance Gas model (MEVHRG) and also study the effect of Lorentz contraction of the excluded volume on scaled pressure and susceptibilities of conserved charges. We take four different sets of hadronic radii and compare their results. We find that a larger variety of radii for hadrons enlarges the difference between the results of MEVHRG model and EVHRG model.

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“…In a recent work Ref. [28], we have shown that significant systematic uncertainty may arise in χ 2 analysis due to variation in the chosen set of ratios.…”

Section: Advances In High Energy Physicsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…This parameter scales the deviation of strange hadrons from a complete equilibrium in the Grand Canonical Ensemble (GCE). In a recent work [28], we have shown that in χ 2 analysis, a larger systematic variation can arise depending on the chosen set of ratios. A conserved-charge-dependent extraction of thermal parameters has been proposed [29], which seems to suitably estimate thermal parameters and predict equilibration in the most central collision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Introducing a strangeness suppression factor is optional for the most central collisions [28,29], whereas this appears essential when we deal with a peripheral or semicentral collision. Complete chemical equilibrium may not be achieved in the strangeness sector due to the higher mass threshold of strange particles and their hadronic counterpart [3].…”

Section: Strangeness With Centralitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Centrality Dependence of Chemical Freeze-Out Parameters and Strangeness Equilibration in RHIC and LHC Energies

Biswas

2021

Advances in High Energy Physics

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We have estimated centrality variation of chemical freeze-out parameters from yield data at midrapidity of π ± , K ± and p , p ¯ for collision energies of RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider), Beam Energy Scan (RHIC-BES) program, and LHC (Large Hadron Collider). We have considered a simple hadron resonance gas model and employed a formalism involving conserved charges ( B , Q , S ) of QCD for parameterization. Along with temperature and three chemical potentials ( T , μ B , μ Q , μ S ), a strangeness undersaturation factor ( γ S ) has been used to incorporate the partial equilibration in the strange sector. Our obtained freeze-out temperature does not vary much with centrality, whereas chemical potentials and γ S seem to have a significant dependence. The strange hadrons are found to deviate from a complete chemical equilibrium at freeze-out at the peripheral collisions. This deviation appears to be more prominent as the collision energy decreases at lower RHIC-BES energies. We have also shown that this departure from equilibrium reduces towards central collisions, and strange particle equilibration may happen after a threshold number of participants in A - A collision.

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Systematics of chemical freeze-out parameters in heavy-ion collision experiments

Cited by 21 publications

References 109 publications

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Excitation Functions of Tsallis-Like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus–Nucleus Collisions

Modified Excluded Volume Hadron Resonance Gas Model with Lorentz Contraction

Centrality Dependence of Chemical Freeze-Out Parameters and Strangeness Equilibration in RHIC and LHC Energies

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