Systematics of the Billfishes (Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae)

Nakamura, Izumi

doi:10.5134/176069

Cited by 53 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found T. angustirostris (Table 1) to have small, widely spaced nutrient canals that were not larger than other species relative to the depth of the rostrum (H2/D2). Thus, our study does not support the diagnostic feature that Schultz (1987) provides for the type species of Pseudohistiophorus that Nakamura (1983) properly referred to the synonym of Tetraptu rus.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…com., P. Speare, Australian Institute flat, edentulous, blunt-tipped rostrum and the of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland, un Istiophoridae a round, denticulated, pointed bill pub!.) and impaled in animate and inanimate (Nakamura, 1983). lnter-and intrafamilial dif objects such as bales of rubber (Smith and ferences in rostral morphology have not been Heemstra, 1986), a deep-diving vessel (Mather, studied in detail even though neontologists and 1976), boats and ships (Gudger, 1940; Chhap paleontologists sometimes identify billfish from gar, 1972), fish (Voss, 1953;Goadby, 1975), marine turtles (Eckert et a!., 1994;Frazier et a!., 1994), whales (Major, 1981), and humans (Anonymous, 1966).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of Rostral Characters for Identifying Adult Billfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae)

Fierstine¹,

Voigt²

1996

Copeia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Seven species of the family Istiophoridae and Xiphias gladiu6 were identified using only features of their rostrum. In the Istiophoridae, two rostral regions were emphasized, one-fourth and one·half the distance between the distal tip and the orbital margin of the lateral ethmoid bone. Characters studied in each region were the depth and width of rostrum and height, width, and position of nutrient canals (as seen in cross-section). Characters studied without reference to region were the distribution of denticles on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the bilI and position of the prenasal bone. In the Xiphiidae, the only characters studied were the depth and width of the rostrum at the level of the dermethmoid bone and the presence and placement of central chambers as seen in radiographs. A total of 32 characters were analyzed as ratios using both multivariate and uni variate statistics. The rostrum of X. gladiw was separated from the Istiophoridae by its flat shape, Tetrapturus angwtirostris from all other istiophorids by its widely separated nutrient canals, and the complex of T. audax/T. pfluegeri/ Makaira nigrican6jM. indica from the complex of lstiophorus platypteru6jT. al bidw by having a smaller area of denticles on the dorsal surface. Tetrapturu6 pfluegeri was separated from T. audux, M. nigricans, and M. indica by having a longer denticle-free midline on the ventral surface of the rostrum. Tetrapturus audux was separated from M. nigricans and M. indica by the location of its nutrient canals. The complexes of Makaira nigrican6/M. indica and 1. platypte. ru6/T. albidu6 were each separated using multivariate discriminant analysis. We show the study has application in identifying rostral fragments found as fossils and impaled in animate and inanimate objects such as marine turtles and wooden ships and should have application wherever rostral fragments are found.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Rostral Characters for Identifying Adult Billfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae)

Fierstine¹,

Voigt²

1996

Copeia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Surprisingly, the function of this structure is still controversial (Nakamura, 1983;Frazier et al, 1994). The rostrum has been hypothesized to improve hydrodynamics by reducing drag (Wisner, 1958;Ovchinnikov, 1970;Aleyev, 1977; but see Sagong et al, 2013), to be used for defense (as evidenced by rostral fragments found embedded in large predators; Fierstine, 1997;Fierstine et al, 1997) and to be used to strike, immobilize or dismember prey before ingestion, thereby facilitating feeding (Gudger, 1940;Talbot and Penrith, 1964;Scott and Tibbo, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rostrum of swordfish (the only species within the Xiphiidae), which can exceed 50% of body length, is wide, distally tapered and dorsoventrally flattened with a lenticular cross-section, having sharp edges and lacking teeth (Gregory and Conrad, 1937;Gudger, 1940;Poplin et al, 1976;Nakamura, 1983;Fierstine, 1990;Fierstine and Voigt, 1996;Nohara et al, 2003). Conversely, in istiophorids (marlins, spearfishes and sailfishes), the rostrum is more circular in crosssection, has no sharp edges, and is surrounded by small villiform teeth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding in billfishes: inferring the role of the rostrum from a biomechanical standpoint

Habegger

Dean

Dunlop

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perhaps the most striking feature of billfishes is the extreme elongation of the premaxillary bones forming their rostra. Surprisingly, the exact role of this structure in feeding is still controversial. The goal of this study is to investigate the use of the rostrum from a functional, biomechanical and morphological standpoint to ultimately infer its possible role during feeding. Using beam theory, experimental and theoretical loading tests were performed on the rostra from two morphologically different billfish, the blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) and the swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Two loading regimes were applied (dorsoventral and lateral) to simulate possible striking behaviors. Histological samples and material properties of the rostra were obtained along their lengths to further characterize structure and mechanical performance. Intraspecific results show similar stress distributions for most regions of the rostra, suggesting that this structure may be designed to withstand continuous loadings with no particular region of stress concentration. Although material stiffness increased distally, flexural stiffness increased proximally owing to higher second moment of area. The blue marlin rostrum was stiffer and resisted considerably higher loads for both loading planes compared with that of the swordfish. However, when a continuous load along the rostrum was considered, simulating the rostrum swinging through the water, swordfish exhibited lower stress and drag during lateral loading. Our combined results suggest that the swordfish rostrum is suited for lateral swiping to incapacitate their prey, whereas the blue marlin rostrum is better suited to strike prey from a wider variety of directions.

show abstract

“…The swordfish Xiphias gladius is a pelagic fish with a worldwide distribution (Nakamura 1983). It is an esteemed food fish, known for its white, firm flesh, mild flavor, and high flesh-to-bone ratio (Sakagawa 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of North Pacific sword-fish Xiphias gladius population structure

Chon¹,

Numachi²,

Sosa‐Nishizaki³

et al. 1994

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was used to investigate population structure of the North Pacific swordfish X i p h~a s gladius. Sam:ples of X. gladius from the western (n = 47), central (n = 42), and eastern (n = 59) Pacific were examined for mtDNA variation using 17 six-base pair restriction endonucleases. A total of 27 composite mtDNA genotypes were revealed, and 50 % or more of individuals from each area shared the most common composite genotype. Pooled nucleon divers~ty and nucleotide diversity were 0.637 and 0.0019, respectively, and the mean nucleotide sequence divergence among genotypes was 0.88% (rank 0.11 to 2.80 %). Both nucleotide differences between populations and Gst analysis revealed low values. No significant geographic variation in genotypic frequencies was revealed by G-test and Monte Carlo randomization analysis with 1000 replicates. This suggests that there is sufficient gene flow across the North Pacific to prevent genetic differentiation, and is consistent with the interpretation that North Pacific swordfish represent a single genetic stock.

show abstract

Systematics of the Billfishes (Xiphiidae and Istiophoridae)

Cited by 53 publications

References 30 publications

Use of Rostral Characters for Identifying Adult Billfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae)

Use of Rostral Characters for Identifying Adult Billfishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae)

Feeding in billfishes: inferring the role of the rostrum from a biomechanical standpoint

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of North Pacific sword-fish Xiphias gladius population structure

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About