2014
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400435
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Systemic absorption and metabolism of dietary procyanidin B4 in pigs

Abstract: After oral administration, PC B4 is absorbed as intact molecule and it is excreted in urine. In addition, it is degraded to the monomeric subunits that are then further metabolized to methylated and glucuronidated conjugates in pigs.

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Cited by 20 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…This is in line with results of a recently published intervention study also showing that dietary procyanidins do not contribute to the systemic pool of epicatechin or catechin in humans . However, in a recent study the formation of EC by cleavage of PC B4 in pigs was found . This raised the question whether various dimeric procyanidins were differently metabolized by the gut microbiota or whether species differences in the composition of the gut microbiota were responsible for this discrepancy.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…This is in line with results of a recently published intervention study also showing that dietary procyanidins do not contribute to the systemic pool of epicatechin or catechin in humans . However, in a recent study the formation of EC by cleavage of PC B4 in pigs was found . This raised the question whether various dimeric procyanidins were differently metabolized by the gut microbiota or whether species differences in the composition of the gut microbiota were responsible for this discrepancy.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 87%
“…Despite studies showing the formation of phenolic acids with a carbon number of two and three from flavan-3-ols in vitro [13,32] and in animal models [12,15,21], in our intervention study plasma and urine concentrations of only three phenolic acids, i.e. FA, VA, and 4-HPAA, significantly increased after intervention.…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 79%
“…found that after apple juice consumption besides epicatechin no other monomeric or dimeric flavanol were detectable in urine and serum . Previous studies from our group showed that procyanidins B1, B2, B5, and B7 were found in apples and that dimeric procyanidins could be detected in pig urine after feeding a monomer‐reduced grape seed extract or pure procyanidin B4 to pigs . We showed in the present study that besides epicatechin also procyanidins B5 and B2 were detected in human urine after apple consumption and procyanidin B2 could be quantified and might be also suitable as a supporting short‐term intake biomarker for apple consumption.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 64%
“…and Rzeppa et al. studied the systemic absorption and metabolism of procyanidins in pigs and showed that procyanidin dimers and trimers are excreted in urine . Therefore some B‐type procyanidins were included in this study to investigate their suitability as urinary intake biomarkers.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, the systemic absorption and metabolism of dietary procyanidin B4, after oral administration, were evaluated in pigs, demonstrating that this compound is absorbed as an intact molecule and in part excreted in urine. In addition, it was degraded to the monomeric subunits cathechin and epicathechin that were then further metabolized to methylated and glucuronidated conjugates (Bittner et al, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%