Systemic Immunoregulatory Consequences of Gut Commensal Translocation

McPherson, A.; Pandey, Surya Prakash; Bender, Mackenzie J.; Meisel, Marlies

doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.12.005

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 87 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…The translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract to other organs has been observed mainly under pathological conditions where inflammatory processes increase the permeability of the epithelial barrier. However, this has also been observed under physiological conditions (90). The translocation of L. lactis from the intestine to internal organs such as the mammary glands has been identified in pregnant female mice shortly before giving birth (91).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

et al. 2021

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In salmon farming, viruses are responsible for outbreaks that produce significant economic losses for which there is a lack of control tools other than vaccines. Type I interferon has been successfully used for treating some chronic viral infections in humans. However, its application in salmonids depends on the proper design of a vehicle that allows its massive administration, ideally orally. In mammals, administration of recombinant probiotics capable of expressing cytokines has shown local and systemic therapeutic effects. In this work, we evaluate the use of Lactococcus lactis as a type I Interferon expression system in Atlantic salmon, and we analyze its ability to stimulate the antiviral immune response against IPNV, in vivo and in vitro. The interferon expressed in L. lactis, even though it was located mainly in the bacterial cytoplasm, was functional, stimulating Mx and PKR expression in CHSE-214 cells, and reducing the IPNV viral load in SHK-1 cells. In vivo, the oral administration of this L. lactis producer of Interferon I increases Mx and PKR expression, mainly in the spleen, and to a lesser extent, in the head kidney. The oral administration of this strain also reduces the IPNV viral load in Atlantic salmon specimens challenged with this pathogen. Our results show that oral administration of L. lactis producing Interferon I induces systemic effects in Atlantic salmon, allowing to stimulate the antiviral immune response. This probiotic could have effects against a wide variety of viruses that infect Atlantic salmon and also be effective in other salmonids due to the high identity among their type I interferons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

et al. 2021

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“…7 , 8 However, this framework is at odds with emerging data which indicates that gut-associated bacteria can be found intracellularly in a wide range of systemic cells and tissues under normal physiological and pathophysiological contexts. 9 , 27 , 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 , 8 However, the interaction of members of the gut microbiota with the host is not restricted to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and can also occur after translocation of selected gut bacterial strains to systemic tissues. 9 There is emerging evidence of the existence of extraintestinal tissue microbiotas in human disease states 10 , 11 and human gut symbionts were reported to disseminate from the gut in the absence of an inflammatory response in germ free (GF) mice. 12 Such interactions can have multiple physiological and pathophysiological effects on the host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88–/– Mice

et al. 2022

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In healthy hosts the gut microbiota is restricted to gut tissues by several barriers some of which require MyD88-dependent innate immune sensor pathways. Nevertheless, some gut taxa have been reported to disseminate to systemic tissues. However, the extent to which this normally occurs during homeostasis in healthy organisms is still unknown. In this study, we recovered viable gut bacteria from systemic tissues of healthy wild type (WT) and MyD88 −/− mice. Shotgun metagenomic-sequencing revealed a marked increase in the relative abundance of L. johnsonii in intestinal tissues of MyD88 −/− mice compared to WT mice. Lactobacillus johnsonii was detected most frequently from multiple systemic tissues and at higher levels in MyD88 −/− mice compared to WT mice. Viable L. johnsonii strains were recovered from different cell types sorted from intestinal and systemic tissues of WT and MyD88 −/− mice. L. johnsonii could persist in dendritic cells and may represent murine immunomodulatory endosymbionts.

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“…Bacterial translocation from the gut to extra intestinal sites, previously considered possible only in case of diseases (cancer, autoimmune diseases, etc.) [ 98 ] seems to occur even in healthy individuals, although in small amounts, and involve various tissues, including the mammary gland. In experimental animal models, bacterial cells have been found in gut-associated lymphoid (GALT) tissue already in late pregnancy [ 93 , 94 ].…”

Section: Breast Milk Sars-cov-2 and Microbiomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast Milk and COVID-19: From Conventional Data to “Omics” Technologies to Investigate Changes Occurring in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers

Bardanzellu

Puddu

Fanos

2021

IJERPH

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In this context of COVID-19 pandemic, great interest has been aroused by the potential maternal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by transplacental route, during delivery, and, subsequently, through breastfeeding. Some open questions still remain, especially regarding the possibility of finding viable SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk (BM), although this is not considered a worrying route of transmission. However, in BM, it was pointed out the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and other bioactive components that could protect the infant from infection. The aim of our narrative review is to report and discuss the available literature on the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in BM of COVID-19 positive mothers, and we discussed the unique existing study investigating BM of SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers through metabolomics, and the evidence regarding microbiomics BM variation in COVID-19. Moreover, we tried to correlate metabolomics and microbiomics findings in BM of positive mothers with potential effects on breastfed infants metabolism and health. To our knowledge, this is the first review summarizing the current knowledge on SARS-CoV-2 effects on BM, resuming both “conventional data” (antibodies) and “omics technologies” (metabolomics and microbiomics).

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Systemic Immunoregulatory Consequences of Gut Commensal Translocation

Cited by 31 publications

References 87 publications

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

Lactococcus lactis Expressing Type I Interferon From Atlantic Salmon Enhances the Innate Antiviral Immune Response In Vivo and In Vitro

Identification of Gut Bacteria such as Lactobacillus johnsonii that Disseminate to Systemic Tissues of Wild Type and MyD88–/– Mice

Breast Milk and COVID-19: From Conventional Data to “Omics” Technologies to Investigate Changes Occurring in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers

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