Systemic Inflammation in COPD

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has classically been considered to be an intrathoracic condition characterized by nonfully reversible airway obstruction. However, COPD has been recently recognized as a multicomponent disorder, associated with systemic inflammation and extrapulmonary manifestations. The present review analyzes current evidence on systemic inflammation concomitant with COPD, and discusses its possible biologic and clinical implications as well as possible therapeutic approaches. Some degree of systemic inflammation appears to be present in most of COPD patients, being characterized by the presence of increased plasma levels of proinflammatory mediators and/or markers (such as C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, different cytokines, and white cells). Many of these biomarkers further increase during exacerbations, and can be modulated by exercise, smoking habit, and different drugs. Moreover, patients with COPD frequently exhibit extrapulmonary manifestations. This includes nutritional-body composition abnormalities, skeletal muscle dysfunction, osteoporosis, cardiovascular events, hemostatic disorders, renal dysfunction, and hormonal dysregulation. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and consequences of the systemic inflammatory response and extrapulmonary manifestations associated with COPD, thus contributing to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

Effect of NF-κB inhibitor on high-mobility group protein B1 expression in a COPD rat model

“…COPD is characterized by chronic inflammation of the central and peripheral airways, pulmonary parenchyma and vasa publica system (8). The role of chronic inflammation and the systemic inflammatory reaction in the process of COPD onset is an important area of research (9,10). Smoking and infection are major causes of human COPD.…”

Применение Тинростима Для Коррекции Нарушений Иммунитета И Гемостаза В Комплексном Лечении Пациентов С Хронической Обструктивной Болезнью Легких

“…Снижение у больных ХОБЛ содержания Т кле точных субпопуляций лимфоцитов (как хелперов, так и супрессоров) влечет за собой нарушения регу ляторных взаимоотношений иммунокомпетентных клеток, а следовательно, и продукции цитокинов. Исходный уровень про (TNF α, IL 1α, IL 6) и про тивовоспалительных (IL 4) цитокинов у больных ХОБЛ существенно (5-10 кратно) превышал сред ние показатели нормы, что свидетельствует о сис темной воспалительной реакции [14,15]. Динамика цитокинов под влиянием тинростима была следую щей: снижался уровень TNF α (с 52,9 ± 5,4 пг/мл до 30,8 ± 4,6 пг/мл; р < 0,05) и уровень IL 6 (с 103,4 ± 26,2 пг/мл до 67,5 ± 25,9 пг/мл; р < 0,05) при отсут ствии положительной динамики отмеченных пока зателей в группе контроля.…”