Systemic movement of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in several plant species

Cubero, Jaime; Lastra, B.; Salcedo, C. I.; Piquer, J.; López, Marı́a M.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02938.x

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Remarkably, systemic infection of these plants was not associated with highest CTV titers in tumours. Moreover, some plants developed secondary tumorigenic tissues with high CTV titer, but systemic infection of these plants never occurred, further supporting our previous suggestion that systemic infection of NB results from CTV invasion of the vascular system and not from Agrobacterium migration within agroinfiltrated plants (Cubero et al, 2006; Ambrós et al, 2011). Contrasting with NB, essentially no CTV coat protein or viral RNA was detected in N. occidentalis tumours in spite of the high GUS expression observed, suggesting limited virus replication if any in cells of this host, in agreement with the lack of CTV replication observed previously in protoplasts of this species (Navas-Castillo et al, 1997; Satyanarayana et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A genetic system for Citrus Tristeza Virus using the non-natural host Nicotiana benthamiana: an update

Ambrós¹,

Ruiz-Ruiz²,

Peña³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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In nature Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), genus Closterovirus, infects only the phloem cells of species of Citrus and related genera. Finding that the CTV T36 strain replicated in Nicotiana benthamiana (NB) protoplasts and produced normal virions allowed development of the first genetic system based on protoplast transfection with RNA transcribed from a full-genome cDNA clone, a laborious and uncertain system requiring several months for each experiment. We developed a more efficient system based on agroinfiltration of NB leaves with CTV-T36-based binary plasmids, which caused systemic infection in this non-natural host within a few weeks yielding in the upper leaves enough CTV virions to readily infect citrus by slash inoculation. Stem agroinoculation of citrus and NB plants with oncogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying a CTV-T36 binary vector with a GUS marker, induced GUS positive galls in both species. However, while most NB tumors were CTV positive and many plants became systemically infected, no coat protein or viral RNA was detected in citrus tumors, even though CTV cDNA was readily detected by PCR in the same galls. This finding suggests (1) strong silencing or CTV RNA processing in transformed cells impairing infection progress, and (2) the need for using NB as an intermediate host in the genetic system. To maintain CTV-T36 in NB or assay other CTV genotypes in this host, we also tried to graft-transmit the virus from infected to healthy NB, or to mechanically inoculate NB leaves with virion extracts. While these trials were mostly unsuccessful on non-treated NB plants, agroinfiltration with silencing suppressors enabled for the first time infecting NB plants by side-grafting and by mechanical inoculation with virions, indicating that previous failure to infect NB was likely due to virus silencing in early infection steps. Using NB as a CTV host provides new possibilities to study virus-host interactions with a simple and reliable system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

A genetic system for Citrus Tristeza Virus using the non-natural host Nicotiana benthamiana: an update

Ambrós¹,

Ruiz-Ruiz²,

Peña³

et al. 2013

Front. Microbiol.

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“…This key pathway of pathogen movement among cells in a host allows exploitation of uninfected cellular resources and reduces intraspecific competition among pathogens, increasing pathogen population size (e.g., viral titer), which, in turn, increases the likelihood of successful transmission to a new host (56). For example, Agrobacterium sp., the causal agent of crown gall, colonizes xylem vessels, allowing it to move long distances through a plant host and garner resources from cells and tissues distant from the original point of entry (28,39). Similarly, pathogenic fungi such as Ophiostoma spp., including the causal agent of Dutch elm disease, and Fusarium oxysporum, which causes vascular wilt or root rot in more than 100 different host species, colonize xylem vessels and move through the plant via both passive transport and mycelial growth through the xylem (143).…”

Section: Host Cells and Tissues As Patchesmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

Borer

Laine

Seabloom

2016

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Plant disease arises from the interaction of processes occurring at multiple spatial and temporal scales. With new tools such as next-generation sequencing, we are learning about the diversity of microbes circulating within and among plant populations and often coinhabiting host individuals. The proliferation of pathogenic microbes depends on single-species dynamics and multispecies interactions occurring within and among host cells, the spatial organization and genetic landscape of hosts, the frequency and mode of transmission among hosts and host populations, and the abiotic environmental context. Here, we examine empirical evidence from these multiple scales to assess the utility of metacommunity theory, a theoretical framework developed for free-living organisms to further our understanding of and assist in predicting plant-pathogen infection and spread. We suggest that deeper understanding of disease dynamics can arise through the application of this conceptual framework at scales ranging from individual cells to landscapes. In addition, we use this multiscale theoretical perspective to synthesize existing knowledge, generate novel hypotheses, and point toward promising future opportunities for the study of plant pathogens in natural populations.

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“…Similarly, Agrobacterium sensu lato species also can be harbored within plant tissue (4,5,(8)(9)(10)12,13,(18)(19)(20)31,35,42). The systemic movement of Agrobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…spp. have been shown to move systemically in several hosts such as chrysanthemum, tomato, sunflower, grape, and cherry (4,5,9,12,19,20,31,35,39,46). A. vitis colonization and movement throughout the vascular system of asyrnptomatic grapevines is perhaps the best understood example.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Role of SystemicAgrobacterium tumefaciensPopulations in Crown Gall Incidence on the Walnut Hybrid Rootstock ‘Paradox’

2012

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Yakabe, L. E., Parker, S. R., and Kluepfel, D. A. 2012. Role of systemic Agrobacterium tumefaciens populations in crown gall incidence on the walnut hybrid rootstock 'Paradox'. Plant Dis. 96;1415-1421 Greater than 75% of English walnut production in the United States occurs on the walnut rootstock Juglans hindsii x 7. regia 'Paradox', which is highly susceptible to infection by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. When seed were germinated and grown in the presence of A. tumefaciens, in the absence of wounding, 94% of the seedlings exhibited tumors while 89% contained systemic A. tumefaciens populations. When seedlings were wound inoculated, A. tumefaciens established endophytic populations in stem tissue and often migrated from the site of infection. Distribution of A. tumefaciens in the stem was random and may exhibit seasonal variation. A. tumefaciens populations in root tissue were more readily detected than in stem tissue and may serve as a reservoir for subsequent infection of the aerial portions of the tree. Importantly, 7% of inoculated, asymptomatic seedlings contained endophytic populations of A. tumefaciens. In all, 17% of seedlings inoculated as seeds developed galls at secondary stem-wound sites. These results provide an ecological and epidemiological foundation upon which to modify existing tree-handling practices in both nursery and orchard production environments to manage crown gall incidence.California walnut growers are responsible for 99% of walnut producdon in the United States (11). Approximately 75% of the industry uses the hybrid rootstock Juglans hindsii x J. regia 'Paradox' (C. Leslie, personal communication), which is highly susceptible to crown gall (1,11,24,30). Crown gall has been cited by the walnut industry as one of the top diseases affecting walnut nursery and orchard plantings across all growing regions in California (D. Ramos, personal communication).Crown gall incidence on walnut trees has been related to soilborne populations of Agrobacterium tumefaciens which colonize and infect root and crown tissue resulting in hypertrophie and hyperplastic growth visualized as galls (11,24,30). For this reason, the California walnut industry relies on preplant fumigation of orchard and nursery soils to manage soilborne populations of A. tumefaciens. Cultural practices also have been modified to reduce tree wounds and improve post-cold-storage handling of planting stock, which serves to limit infection by A. tumefaciens (11,30). Unfortunately, despite these efforts, crown gall control has been inconsistent.Recent observations by nurserymen and farm advisors support the hypothesis that walnut trees harbor systemic populations of A. tumefaciens. Supporting evidence includes high crown gall incidence on seedlings grown in methyl-bromide-fumigated nursery blocks. This is significant because methyl bromide fumigation has been shown to be effective in reducing A. tumefaciens populations in soil (43). In a recent crown gall outbreak, galls were initially observed at wounds incurred during the grafting proc...

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Systemic movement of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in several plant species

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

A genetic system for Citrus Tristeza Virus using the non-natural host Nicotiana benthamiana: an update

A genetic system for Citrus Tristeza Virus using the non-natural host Nicotiana benthamiana: an update

A Multiscale Approach to Plant Disease Using the Metacommunity Concept

Role of SystemicAgrobacterium tumefaciensPopulations in Crown Gall Incidence on the Walnut Hybrid Rootstock ‘Paradox’

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