Systemic Racism in the United States

Tourse, Robbie W. C.; Hamilton-Mason, Johnnie; Wewiorski, Nancy J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72233-7

Cited by 24 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Longstanding systemic racism and structural inequalities on both sides of the Atlantic play a fundamental role in the differential impact of COVID-19, attitudes toward vaccines, and the interpretation of and trustworthiness of vaccine messages and messengers (Feagin & Bennefield, 2014;Washington, 2008). Systemic institutional racism is a sociallyconstructed scaffolding that supports and maintains racial discrimination and while racism may shift over time, the scaffolding continues to hold it in place (Tourse et al, 2018). This scaffolding is supported by intersecting -isms: colonialism, sexism, xenophobia, nativism, capitalism, and class structures which have historically assisted in the development of the UK and the US.…”

Section: Systemic Racism and Structural Inequalities Underpin Vaccine...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 YPAR Project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to Explore the Context of Ethnic Minority Youth Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom

Schmidt‐Sane¹,

Hrynick²,

Benninger³

et al. 2022

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Despite progress in COVID-19 vaccination rates overall in the US and UK, vaccine inequity persists as young people from minoritised and/or deprived communities are often less likely to be vaccinated. COVID-19 ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is not just an issue of misinformation or lack of information. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ among young people is reflective of wider issues such as mistrust in the state or the medical establishment and negative experiences during the pandemic. This report is based on case study research conducted among young people (ages 12-18) in Cleveland, Ohio, US and the London borough of Ealing, UK. Whilst public discourse may label young people as ‘vaccine hesitant,’ we found that there were differences based on social location and place and this labelling may portray young people as ‘ignorant.’ We found the greatest vaccine hesitancy among older youth (15+ years old), particularly those from minoritised and deprived communities. Unvaccinated youth were also more likely to be from families and friend groups that were unvaccinated. While some expressed distrust of the vaccines, others reported that COVID-19 prevention was not a priority in their lives, but instead concerns over food security, livelihood, and education take precedence. Minoritised youth were more likely to report negative experiences with authorities, including teachers at their schools and police in their communities. Our findings demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is embedded in a context that drives relationships of mistrust between minoritised and deprived communities and the state, with implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Young people’s attitudes toward vaccines are further patterned by experiences within their community, school, family, and friend groups.

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Section: Systemic Racism and Structural Inequalities Underpin Vaccine...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The COVID-19 YPAR Project: Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) to Explore the Context of Ethnic Minority Youth Responses to COVID-19 Vaccines in the United States and United Kingdom

Schmidt‐Sane¹,

Hrynick²,

Benninger³

et al. 2022

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“…Scaffolding is a continuation and reinforcement of racism. In other words, it is an invisible but integral aspect of racism that prevents its collapse (Tourse et al, 2018). Tourse et al (2018) further explain, It involves thought processes, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that are borne out of societal, group, and individual cues.…”

Section: Federal Government and Adult Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other words, it is an invisible but integral aspect of racism that prevents its collapse (Tourse et al, 2018). Tourse et al (2018) further explain, It involves thought processes, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs that are borne out of societal, group, and individual cues. Racism develops and evolves within the context of its place in history, but it remains a constant through time because of the scaffolding.…”

Section: Federal Government and Adult Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparing adult educators for racial justice

Isaac-Savage

Merriweather

2021

New Dir Adult Contin Educ

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Adult educators are often seen as proponents of social justice but what does it really mean to be an advocate for racial justice in and outside the classroom? Draconian policies implemented by the Trump administration have placed additional hardships on Americans. The increasing attacks on education have clear ramifications for adults in formal and informal contexts. In this article, the authors will explore how adult educators can become not only allies for social justice but also advocates and accomplices for racial justice through curriculum, instruction, and altered perceptions. Social justice is a broad term capturing all aspects of injustice. Racial justice focuses squarely on injustices due to race and racism.

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“…These inequities go beyond discrimination from individuals into societal structures that systemically disadvantage members from historically excluded groups [ 15 , 18 , 19 ]. Historically, racism has played a critical role in creating the US, from exploiting land from Indigenous Peoples and Mexicans, bringing Africans in shackles for slavery, and inhumane treatment of Chinese immigrants as laborers [ 20 ]. “Color blind” initiatives fail to address racial inequalities infused in this country’s structural foundation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%