Systems Biology and Animal Nutrition: Insights from the Dairy Cow during Growth and the Lactation Cycle

Loor, Juan J.; Bionaz, Massimo; Invernizzi, G.

doi:10.1002/9780470963012.ch9

Cited by 18 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…farnesoid X-activated receptor and liver X receptor-b). Those findings and the coordinated downregulation of inflammatory response-associated genes by either overfeeding or restricting dietary energy prepartum were novel (Loor et al, 2011). These results contrast with those of McCarthy et al (2010) who reported a marked upregulation of inflammation-related and metabolic diseaserelated genes in cows under SNEB.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…oxidative phosphorylation) and protein synthesis (Loor et al, 2011). Those results indicated a coordinated upregulation of catabolic activity by restricted energy feeding prepartum.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…The functional analysis of the clusters in the data set of Loor et al (2005) and Loor et al (2006) identified several overrepresented functions (Loor et al, 2011). Among the responses observed it was evident that clusters characterized by a strong downregulation in both overfed and restricted-fed v. control cows were overrepresented with terms related to induction of inflammation, suggesting that both management approaches led to downregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response and in particular the complement pathway (Loor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the individual data sets (Loor et al, 2005 and were combined and reanalyzed statistically more than 4790 DEG (FDR < 0.05) due to the interaction of treatment 3 time were found (Loor et al, 2011).…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the responses observed it was evident that clusters characterized by a strong downregulation in both overfed and restricted-fed v. control cows were overrepresented with terms related to induction of inflammation, suggesting that both management approaches led to downregulation of genes involved in the inflammatory response and in particular the complement pathway (Loor et al, 2011). The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis R (IPA; Ingenuity Systems, Redwood City, CA, USA) also revealed an enrichment of the acute-phase response, including several signaling pathways involving nuclear receptors that control cholesterol synthesis (e.g.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Seo

Larkin

Loor

2013

Animal

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The recently sequenced cattle (Bos taurus) genome unraveled the unique genomic features of the species and provided the molecular basis for applying a systemic approach to systematically link genomic information to metabolic traits. Comparative analysis has identified a variety of evolutionary adaptive features in the cattle genome, such as an expansion of the gene families related to the rumen function, large number of chromosomal rearrangements affecting regulation of genes for lactation, and chromosomal rearrangements that are associated with segmental duplications and copy number variations. Metabolic reconstruction of the cattle genome has revealed that core metabolic pathways are highly conserved among mammals although five metabolic genes are deleted or highly diverged and seven metabolic genes are present in duplicate in the cattle genome compared to their human counter parts. The evolutionary loss and gain of metabolic genes in the cattle genome may reflect metabolic adaptations of cattle. Metabolic reconstruction also provides a platform for better understanding of metabolic regulation in cattle and ruminants. A substantial body of transcriptomics data from dairy and beef cattle under different nutritional management and across different stages of growth and lactation are already available and will aid in linking the genome with metabolism and nutritional physiology of cattle. Application of cattle genomics has great potential for future development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency and sustainability of beef and milk production. One of the biggest challenges is to integrate genomic and phenotypic data and interpret them in a biological and practical platform. Systems biology, a holistic and systemic approach, will be very useful in overcoming this challenge.

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Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…oxidative phosphorylation) and protein synthesis (Loor et al, 2011). Those results indicated a coordinated upregulation of catabolic activity by restricted energy feeding prepartum.…”

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Linking Cattle Genome To Ruminant Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Seo

Larkin

Loor

2013

Animal

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Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex

Hinde

Carpenter

Clay

et al. 2014

Preprint

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Mammalian females pay high energetic costs for reproduction, the greatest of which is imposed by lactation. The synthesis of milk requires, in part, the mobilization of bodily reserves to nourish developing young. Numerous hypotheses have been advanced to predict how mothers will differentially invest in sons and daughters, however few studies have addressed sexbiased milk synthesis. Here we leverage the dairy cow model to investigate such phenomena. Using 2.39 million lactation records from 1.49 million dairy cows, we demonstrate that the sex of the fetus influences the capacity of the mammary gland to synthesize milk during lactation. Cows favor daughters, producing significantly more milk for daughters than for sons across lactation. Using a sub-sample of this dataset (N = 113,750 subjects) we further demonstrate that the effects of fetal sex interact dynamically across parities, whereby the sex of the fetus being gestated can enhance or diminish the production of milk during an established lactation. Moreover the sex of the fetus gestated on the first parity has persistent consequences for milk synthesis on the subsequent parity. Specifically, gestation of a daughter on the first parity increases milk production by ,445 kg over the first two lactations. Our results identify a dramatic and sustained programming of mammary function by offspring in utero. Nutritional and endocrine conditions in utero are known to have pronounced and long-term effects on progeny, but the ways in which the progeny has sustained physiological effects on the dam have received little attention to date.

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Systems Physiology in Dairy Cattle: Nutritional Genomics and Beyond

Loor

Bionaz

Drackley

2013

Annu. Rev. Anim. Biosci.

119

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Microarray development changed the way biologists approach the holistic study of cells and tissues. In dairy cattle biosciences, the application of omics technology, from spotted microarrays to next-generation sequencing and proteomics, has grown steadily during the past 10 years. Omics has found application in fields such as dairy cattle nutritional physiology, reproduction, and immunology. Generating biologically meaningful data from omics studies relies on bioinformatics tools. Both are key components of the systems physiology toolbox, which allows study of the interactions between a condition (e.g., nutrition, physiological state) with tissue gene/protein expression and the associated changes in biological functions. The nature of physiologic and metabolic adaptations in dairy cattle at any stage of the life cycle is multifaceted, involves multiple tissues, and is dynamic, e.g., the transition from late-pregnancy to lactation. Application of integrative systems physiology in periparturient dairy cattle has already advanced knowledge of the simultaneous functional adaptations in liver, adipose, and mammary tissue.

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Systems Biology and Animal Nutrition: Insights from the Dairy Cow during Growth and the Lactation Cycle

Cited by 18 publications

References 76 publications

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Cattle genomics and its implications for future nutritional strategies for dairy cattle

Holsteins Favor Heifers, Not Bulls: Biased Milk Production Programmed during Pregnancy as a Function of Fetal Sex

Systems Physiology in Dairy Cattle: Nutritional Genomics and Beyond

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