Systems Biology and the Seagrass Paradox: Adaptation, Acclimation, and Survival of Marine Angiosperms in a Changing Ocean Climate

Zimmerman, Richard C.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-62094-7_8

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Seagrass photophysiology has been a topic of intense research ( Hemminga & Duarte 2000 , Larkum et al 2006 ), and recently there has been a focus on carbon acquisition ( Larkum et al 2017 , Zimmerman 2017 ). Many seagrasses, including Z. marina , have a limited capacity to use extracellular carbonic anhydrase to catalyze the disassociation of H 2 CO 3 to CO 2 (aq) and H 2 O ( Beer & Koch 1996 ), but this mechanism cannot sustain light-saturated photosynthesis ( Arnold et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many seagrasses, including Z. marina , have a limited capacity to use extracellular carbonic anhydrase to catalyze the disassociation of H 2 CO 3 to CO 2 (aq) and H 2 O ( Beer & Koch 1996 ), but this mechanism cannot sustain light-saturated photosynthesis ( Arnold et al 2017 ). Further, increased temperature de creases the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration (P:R), leading to reduced net primary production ( Lee et al 2007 , Zimmerman 2017 ). Under high O 2 conditions, photo respiration (oxygenation of RUBISCO) becomes more prevalent, thereby de creasing net photosynthetic carbon fixation ( Buchanan et al 2000 , Buapet et al 2013 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eelgrass Zostera marina carbon budgets are the balance between carbon fixation (photosynthesis), growth, storage, and losses such as respiration and exudation. Photosynthetic rates can be limited by light, carbon supply, and to an extent by temperature ( Zimmerman 2017 ). Under low light levels, plants may be unable to maintain a positive carbon balance and can utilize stored reserves if available but will eventually die if deprived of light for extended periods ( Herzka & Dunton 1998 , Cabello-Pasini et al 2002 , Eriander 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon limitation in response to nutrient loading in an eelgrass mesocosm: influence of water residence time

Kaldy

Brown

Pacella

2022

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Altered primary productivity associated with eutrophication impacts not only ecosystem structure but also the biogeochemical cycling of oxygen and carbon. We conducted laboratory experiments to empirically determine how residence time (1, 3, 10 d) influences eutrophication responses in a simplified Pacific Northwest Zostera marina-green macroalgal community. We expected long-residence time (RT) systems to exhibit eutrophication impairments. Instead, we observed an accumulation of nutrients at all RTs and a shift in the dissolved inorganic carbon speciation away from CO2 (aq) with unexpected consequences for eelgrass plant condition, including shoot mortality. Most metrics responded more strongly to temperature treatments than to RT treatments. No dramatic shifts in the relative abundance of Z. marina and green macroalgae were detected. Z. marina shoot density proliferated in cool temperatures (12°C) with a modest decline at 20°C. Eelgrass loss was associated with high total scale pH (pHT) and CO2 (aq) concentrations of <10 µmol kg-1 CO2 (aq), but not with high nutrients. Z. marina d13C values support the hypothesis that carbon availability was greater at short RT. Further, very low leaf sugar concentrations are consistent with extreme photosynthetic CO2 (aq) limitation. We suggest that the effects of extremely low environmental carbon concentrations (CO2 (aq)) and increased respiration at warm temperatures (20°C) and other physiological processes can lead to internal carbon limitation and shoot mortality. Eutrophication responses to nutrient loading are more nuanced than just light limitation of eelgrass and require additional research on the interaction of the biogeochemical environment and plant physiology to better understand estuarine ecosystem disruption.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbon limitation in response to nutrient loading in an eelgrass mesocosm: influence of water residence time

Kaldy

Brown

Pacella

2022

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The process of acclimation resulting from phenotypic adjustments to environmental cues can occur during the early development of an organism that persists also on the adult stage, or as reversibly acclimation occurring during the lifetime (Beaman et al, 2016). The continuous alignment of phenotypes to the environment involves associated costs to perform strategies for sensing and responding without affecting individual performances (Vialet‐Chabrand et al, 2017; Zimmerman, 2017). In fact, phenotypic plasticity is constrained by the energetic costs required for the sensory and regulatory mechanisms that ensure the processing of information and the development of the best phenotype–environment match (Gibbin et al, 2017).…”

Section: Plastic Responses To Rapid Environmental Changes: Acclimatio...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic plasticity under rapid global changes: The intrinsic force for future seagrasses survival

Pazzaglia

Reusch

Terlizzi

et al. 2021

Evolutionary Applications

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Coastal oceans are particularly affected by rapid and extreme environmental changes with dramatic consequences for the entire ecosystem. Seagrasses are key ecosystem engineering or foundation species supporting diverse and productive ecosystems along the coastline that are particularly susceptible to fast environmental changes. In this context, the analysis of phenotypic plasticity could reveal important insights into seagrasses persistence, as it represents an individual property that allows species’ phenotypes to accommodate and react to fast environmental changes and stress. Many studies have provided different definitions of plasticity and related processes (acclimation and adaptation) resulting in a variety of associated terminology. Here, we review different ways to define phenotypic plasticity with particular reference to seagrass responses to single and multiple stressors. We relate plasticity to the shape of reaction norms, resulting from genotype by environment interactions, and examine its role in the presence of environmental shifts. The potential role of genetic and epigenetic changes in underlying seagrasses plasticity in face of environmental changes is also discussed. Different approaches aimed to assess local acclimation and adaptation in seagrasses are explored, explaining strengths and weaknesses based on the main results obtained from the most recent literature. We conclude that the implemented experimental approaches, whether performed with controlled or field experiments, provide new insights to explore the basis of plasticity in seagrasses. However, an improvement of molecular analysis and the application of multi‐factorial experiments are required to better explore genetic and epigenetic adjustments to rapid environmental shifts. These considerations revealed the potential for selecting the best phenotypes to promote assisted evolution with fundamental implications on restoration and preservation efforts.

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Temperature and salinity sensitivity of respiration, grazing, and defecation rates in the estuarine eelgrass sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori

2019

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Systems Biology and the Seagrass Paradox: Adaptation, Acclimation, and Survival of Marine Angiosperms in a Changing Ocean Climate

Cited by 3 publications

References 103 publications

Carbon limitation in response to nutrient loading in an eelgrass mesocosm: influence of water residence time

Carbon limitation in response to nutrient loading in an eelgrass mesocosm: influence of water residence time

Phenotypic plasticity under rapid global changes: The intrinsic force for future seagrasses survival

Temperature and salinity sensitivity of respiration, grazing, and defecation rates in the estuarine eelgrass sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori

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