Temperature and salinity sensitivity of respiration, grazing, and defecation rates in the estuarine eelgrass sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori

Tanner, Richelle L.; Faye, Lindsay E; Stillman, Jonathon H.

doi:10.1007/s00227-019-3559-4

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In recent years, the impact of changes in salinity on marine organisms has attracted more and more attention. There have been studies about the effects of changes in salinity on the growth, development, life activities, physiological processes and metabolic physiology of marine organisms (Balogh & Byrne, 2021; Zhang, Hou, et al, 2020; Garçon et al, 2021; Tanner et al, 2019; Sun et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and antioxidant responses of pearl oysterPinctada maximaexposed to acute salinity stress

Wei

Chen

Deng

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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Salinity change is a frequently occurring abiotic stress that dramatically affects the physiological and biochemical factors of marine bivalve molluscs. In this study, a total of 140 individuals of Pinctada maxima were collected from Weizhou Island (Beihai, China) for 48‐h acute salinity stress. Immune enzymes (phenoloxidase [POX], lysozyme [LZM] and alkaline phosphatase [ALP]), antioxidant enzymes and substances (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and reduced glutathione [GSH]) were measured at different times after acute low‐salinity (salinity 20) and high‐salinity (salinity 40) stress with a salinity of 30 as the control group to assess the effects of acute salinity stress on immune and antioxidant responses of P. maxima. The results showed that the total protein (TP), GSH, SOD, POX, LZM and ALP of silver‐lipped pearl oyster P. maxima were significantly influenced by the different salinity gradients and duration of salinity stress (p < 0.05). The TP, SOD, LZM and GSH of P. maxima recovered to the same level of the control group at 48 h after acute high‐salinity stress (salinity 40, p > 0.05), while only TP and LZM in the low‐salinity group (salinity 20) recovered to the same level of the control group at 48 h (p > 0.05), indicating that P. maxima has a stronger tolerance to high salinity (40) than low salinity (20). The study provides references for exploring the antioxidant and immune response mechanism to salinity stress in P. maxima and its cultivation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune and antioxidant responses of pearl oysterPinctada maximaexposed to acute salinity stress

Wei

Chen

Deng

et al. 2022

Aquaculture Research

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“…Nematostella vectensis is a burrowing sea anemone which specializes in estuarine environments with a unique role as an infaunal predator [1]. These brackish habitats are characterized by variable daily and seasonal abiotic conditions, particularly temperature, salinity, and ultraviolet (UV) light [2][3][4][5][6]. Nematostella has a broad geographic range along the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the USA and southern Canada where the extent of variation in environmental conditions changes by latitude or location within the estuary [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some like it hot: population-specific adaptations in venom production to abiotic stressors in a widely distributed cnidarian

et al. 2020

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Background In cnidarians, antagonistic interactions with predators and prey are mediated by their venom, whose synthesis may be metabolically expensive. The potentially high cost of venom production has been hypothesized to drive population-specific variation in venom expression due to differences in abiotic conditions. However, the effects of environmental factors on venom production have been rarely demonstrated in animals. Here, we explore the impact of specific abiotic stresses on venom production of distinct populations of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis (Actiniaria, Cnidaria) inhabiting estuaries over a broad geographic range where environmental conditions such as temperatures and salinity vary widely. Results We challenged Nematostella polyps with heat, salinity, UV light stressors, and a combination of all three factors to determine how abiotic stressors impact toxin expression for individuals collected across this species’ range. Transcriptomics and proteomics revealed that the highly abundant toxin Nv1 was the most downregulated gene under heat stress conditions in multiple populations. Physiological measurements demonstrated that venom is metabolically costly to produce. Strikingly, under a range of abiotic stressors, individuals from different geographic locations along this latitudinal cline modulate differently their venom production levels. Conclusions We demonstrate that abiotic stress results in venom regulation in Nematostella. Together with anecdotal observations from other cnidarian species, our results suggest this might be a universal phenomenon in Cnidaria. The decrease in venom production under stress conditions across species coupled with the evidence for its high metabolic cost in Nematostella suggests downregulation of venom production under certain conditions may be highly advantageous and adaptive. Furthermore, our results point towards local adaptation of this mechanism in Nematostella populations along a latitudinal cline, possibly resulting from distinct genetics and significant environmental differences between their habitats.

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“…For example, an increase in ambient temperature also increased the respiration rate in the sea hare (Phyllaplysia taylori). The severity of the temperature variation P. taylori was exposed to dictated the rate of mortality (Tanner et al 2019). The observations in this experiment are supported by the findings of previous studies that some intertidal species have the ability to behaviourally respond to temperature variations, while others must respond physiologically.…”

Section: Behavioural Responsessupporting

confidence: 87%

Morphological, histological and behavioural change in two species of marine bivalves in response to environmental stress

Damodaran¹

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<p>Mass mortality events (MMEs) occur when a disproportionate part of a population dies in a single event. The frequency of MMEs is increasing globally. In the past, MMEs have been linked to starvation, changes in environmental conditions and disease outbreaks. However, it is often unclear what the underlying cause of these events are. In New Zealand several MMEs have occurred in the bivalve species Austrovenus stutchburyi (Wood 1828) and Paphies subtriangulata (Wood 1828) with little known about the cause. Both of these species are recreationally harvested for consumption in New Zealand and have cultural significance. In order to better understand MMEs in these species we must first gain a better understanding of stress expression. Bivalves have few observable features and it is difficult to classify them as healthy or stressed without investigating immune change which can be quite costly. Some research has looked into how different cell types change in response to pollutants but few studies have researched how cell types change in response to environmental conditions. The aim of this research was to find novel ways of assessing if shellfish were healthy or stressed. Little is known about how shellfish respond to environmental stressors and this is the first study to look at several novel stress expressions simultaneously, in New Zealand shellfish. Histological, morphological and behavioural responses were measured in both A. stutchburyi and P. subtriangulata after treatment with increased temperature, lowered salinity and increased fine sediment input for up to 5 weeks. Temperature stress was the main stressor for P. subtriangulata (85% of overall mortality occurred in the heat treatment), salinity was the main stressor for A. stutchburyi (46% of overall mortality occurred in the salinity treatment), and fine sediment stress did not seem to have an effect on either species in this study. Overall, A. stutchburyi were more robust to the treatments, but low mortality occurred in both species (≤8%). Mortality correlated with time of year and was believed to be related to spawning in P. subtriangulata (48% of overall mortality occurred from October-November). Both species had a single histological marker, in A. stutchburyi this was change in gill morphology, and in P. subtriangulata this was change in digestive gland morphology. Several individual morphological features were identified as potential stress markers in A. stutchburyi and P. subtriangulata. Additionally, when removed from aquaria P. subtriangulata had impeded foot retraction time in the salinity treatment. The differences in stress markers shows the diversity of reactions to stressors even within New Zealand bivalves. This study provides a useful baseline in investigating how P. subtriangulata and A. stutchburyi respond to environmental stress. The histological slides produced during this investigation are an invaluable resource that can be used in future studies and in comparisons with archived specimens from known MMEs. Knowing how to detect signs of stress in these bivalves will help to predict MMEs in the future and aid in implementing processes to combat these events.</p>

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Temperature and salinity sensitivity of respiration, grazing, and defecation rates in the estuarine eelgrass sea hare, Phyllaplysia taylori

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Immune and antioxidant responses of pearl oysterPinctada maximaexposed to acute salinity stress

Immune and antioxidant responses of pearl oysterPinctada maximaexposed to acute salinity stress

Some like it hot: population-specific adaptations in venom production to abiotic stressors in a widely distributed cnidarian

Morphological, histological and behavioural change in two species of marine bivalves in response to environmental stress

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