T cell regulation of polyclonal B cell responsiveness. III. Overt T helper and latent T suppressor activities from distinct subpopulations of unstimulated splenic T cells

Abstract

The ability of T lymphocytes to regulate the humoral immune response has been appreciated since Claman et al. (1) and Miller and Mitchell (2) described the absolute requirement for T helper cells in order for B cells to generate an antigen-specific response. Subsequently, modulation of the humoral response by T suppressor cells (3, 4) and T amplifier cells (5, 6) has been studied extensively. These regulatory cells have been characterized with respect to cell surface phenotype (7,8) and physical characteristics (9); soluble factors have been obtained from both helper and suppressor cells that replace the function of T cells in the regulation of antigen-specific humoral responses (10, 11).The regulatory effects of T lymphocytes on the nonspecific responses of B cells evoked by polyclonal B cell activators are much less thoroughly understood. Interest in these substances stems from the fact that the immune system of the body is frequently confronted with such activators in many infectious disease situations; moreover, polyclonal activation is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of certain diseases of autoimmunity, such as systemic lupus erythymatosus. Although pokeweed mitogen is unable to evoke a polyclonal response from human B cells in the absence ofT cells (12,13), other mitogens such as protein A from Staphylococcus aureus stimulate polyclonal antibody production in the absence ofT cells (14). An analogous situation pertains to murine splenic B lymphocytes, which are able to respond to most polyclonat stimulants in the total absence of T cells (15). Because of the ubiquitous nature of such stimulants and the unusually large proportion of B lymphocytes that respond to them (16), it appeared probable that this arm of the humorai immune system is subject to some type of regulatory influence.Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that addition of murine splenic T lymphocytes to B cell cultures results in marked enhancement of the polyclonal response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 (17, 18). The T cells *

Examination of the Polyclonal B Cell Activator and Adjuvant from Fungi

“…In addition, it seems that the substances which showed PBA activity (Table l) ought to give rise to nonspecific enhancement of the anti-SRBC PFC response even if their adjuvant effects do not generate it. It is not known what caused the present results, but there are some reports that T cells regulate the generation of polyclonal PFC (4,5,8), and therefore we will examine this question. Furthermore, the chemical properties of these materials will be examined.…”

“…SUZUKI ET AL in a volume of 50 ,ul) was added at the beginning of cultivation. In the case of adjuvant activity, 5 X 10 5 sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were added simultaneously. Cells were harvested on day 3 or 4 and assayed for plaque-forming cells (PFC).…”

Mapping gene regulatory networks of primary CD4+T cells using single-cell genomics and genome engineering

“…Th 17 ) (1-4), signal and recruit B cells (e.g. Th 1 and Th 2 ) (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11), and induce tolerance in the tissue microenvironment (e.g. T reg ) (12,13).…”