T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

Post, Nathan; Eddy, Danielle; Huntley, Catherine; Schalkwyk, May C I van; Shrotri, Madhumita; Leeman, David; Rigby, S.E.; Williams, Sarah; Bermingham, William; Kellam, Paul; Maher, John; Shields, Adrian; Amirthalingam, Gayatri; Peacock, Sharon J.; Ismail, Sharif

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245532

Cited by 256 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 105 publications

(182 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These observations [16,17], if confirmed, would lend support to the use of a single booster dose for previously infected individuals. In effect, functional SARS-CoV-2 S IFN-g T cells detected in prevaccination specimens may well have been seasonal coronavirus cross-reactive T cells (see [18] for a review). Circulation of seasonal coronaviruses in nursing-home facilities and repeated exposure of residents is common over the winter season.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

Torres

Albert

Giménez

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The immunogenicity of the Comirnaty® vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been adequately studied in elderly people with comorbidities. We assessed antibody and T-cell responses targeted to the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following full vaccination in nursing-home residents. Methods: Sixty nursing-home residents (44 female, age 53e100 years), of whom ten had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 18 healthy controls (15 female, age 27e54 years) were recruited. Pre-and post-vaccination blood specimens were available for quantification of total antibodies binding the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and for enumeration of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-g CD4 þ and CD8 þ T cells by flow cytometry. Results: The seroconversion rate in (presumably) SARS-CoV-2-naïve nursing-home residents (41/43, 95.3%) was similar to that in controls (17/18, 94.4%). A booster effect was documented in post-vaccination samples of nursing-home residents with prior COVID-19. Plasma antibody levels were higher (p < 0.01) in recovered nursing-home residents (all 2500 IU/mL) than in individuals across the other two groups (median 1120 IU/mL in naïve nursing-home residents and 2211 IU/ml in controls). A large percentage of nursing-home residents had SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-g CD8 þ (naïve 31/49, 63.2%; recovered 8/10, 80%) or CD4 þ T cells (naïve 35/49, 71.4%; recovered 7/10, 70%) at baseline, in contrast to healthy controls (3/17, 17.6% and 5/17, 29%, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g CD8 þ and CD4 þ T-cell responses were documented in 88% (15/17) and all control subjects after vaccination, respectively, but only in 65.5% (38/ 58) and 22.4% (13/58) of nursing-home residents. Overall, the median frequency of SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g CD8 þ and CD4 þ T cells in nursing-home residents decreased in post-vaccination specimens, whereas it increased in controls. Conclusion:The Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine elicits robust SARS-CoV-2 S antibody responses in nursinghome residents. Nevertheless, the rate and frequency of detectable SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g T-cell responses after vaccination was lower in nursing-home residents than in controls.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

Torres

Albert

Giménez

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is an increasing body of evidence surrounding the importance of a T-cell mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Peripheral T-cell lymphopenia appears to correlate with increased COVID-19 disease severity [4], whilst COVID-19 recovery is often associated with the presence of reactive CD4 + and CD8 + T-cells [5,6]. Robust evidence on long-term immunity is lacking, but it appears likely that a Tcell response is sustained for several months after infection and may last longer than a detectable antibody response [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 and QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Test in Recently Vaccinated Individuals

Jaganathan

Stieber

Rao³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: There is an increasing body of evidence surrounding the importance of a T-cell mediated response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and after COVID-19 vaccination. In this internal feasibility study, we evaluated both the total antibody (IgA, IgM, and IgG) and T-cell responses in a cohort of COVID-19 convalescents and vaccinated individuals.Methods: Whole blood specimens were collected weekly from 12 subjects at different timepoints within/after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccination regimen and from 4 PCR-confirmed convalescent donors to measure durability of humoral and cell-mediated immune response. T-cell and Antibody responses were evaluated via the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 Research Use Only (QFN SARS-CoV-2) assay which is an interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total (Anti-CoV-2) Test, respectively.Results: In a cohort of recently vaccinated individuals, subjects demonstrated robust total antibody and CD4+/CD8+ T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines when followed for 2 months post 2nd dose. In most individuals, T-cell response declined between 1st and 2nd dose suggesting need for booster or completion of the 2-dose vaccine series. In a group of convalescent donors tested with QFN SARS-CoV-2 and Anti-CoV-2 tests, all patients had an antibody and T-cell response up to 1 year after natural infection.Conclusion: This small feasibility study demonstrates that QFN-SARS-CoV-2 test is able to identify CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell mediated responses in SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated subjects and those recovered from COVID-19, alongside a qualitative antibody response detectable via the QIAreach Anti-CoV2 Test.

show abstract

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted July 7, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.03.21259976 doi: medRxiv preprint After vaccination or natural infection, many mechanisms of immunity exist including humoral and cellular immunity. [6][7][8] It is known that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces specific and durable T cell immunity against multiple SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein targets (or epitopes) as well recognition of other SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The broad diversity of Tcell viral recognition serves to enhance protection to SARS-CoV-2 variants, 7 1.248 [Brazil]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection among previously infected or vaccinated employees

Kojima

Roshani²,

Brobeck³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: The protective effect of previous infection versus vaccination is poorly studied. Among a clinical laboratory that has been conducting routine workforce screening since the beginning of the pandemic, we aimed to assess the relative risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among individuals who were SARS-CoV-2 naive, previously infected, or vaccinated. Methods: Using an electronic laboratory information system, employees were divided into three groups: (1) SARS-CoV-2 naive and unvaccinated, (2) previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and (3) vaccinated. Person-days were measured from the date of the employee first test and truncated at the end of the observation period. SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as two positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in a 30-day period. Individuals with fewer than 14 days of follow up were excluded. Incidence estimates and the 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Poisson Exact equation. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used as a measure of association between groups. Analyses were performed on StataSE (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Results: We identified 4313, 254 and 739 employee records for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The median age of employees was 29.0 years (interquartile range: 23.6, 39.9). During the observation period, 254, 0, and 4 infections were identified among groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Group 1 had an incidence of 25.9 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 22.8-29.3). Group 2 had an incidence of 0 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0-5.0). Group 3 had an incidence of 1.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 0.04-4.2). The IRR of reinfection among those with previous infection compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive was 0 (95% CI: 0-0.19). The IRR of those vaccinated compared to SARS-CoV-2 naive was 0.06 (95% CI: 0.02-0.16). The IRR of those vaccinated compared to prior SARS-CoV-2 was 0 (95% CI: 0-4.98). Conclusion: Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination for SARS-CoV-2 were associated with decreased risk for infection or re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a routinely screened workforce. The was no difference in the infection incidence between vaccinated individuals and individuals with previous infection. Further research is needed to determine whether our results are consistent with the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants.

show abstract

T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review

Cited by 256 publications

References 105 publications

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

Preliminary Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 and QIAreach Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total Test in Recently Vaccinated Individuals

Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection among previously infected or vaccinated employees

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About