T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Perdomo‐Celis, Federico; Salvato, María S.; Medina‐Moreno, Sandra; Zapata, Juan Carlos

doi:10.3390/vaccines7010011

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(345 reference statements)

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“…The role of T cells in viral hemorrhagic fevers has not been characterized and the protective or pathogenic contribution of T cells is unclear (37). However, the protective role of memory CD8 cells presenting cross-reactive epitopes has been shown to protect against secondary DENV infections in endemic areas (38,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Features of Co-circulating Dengue Viruses and the Absence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan

Khan

Prakoso

Imtiaz

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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Dengue virus (DENV) is the most common and widespread arboviral infection worldwide. Though all four DENV serotypes cocirculate in nature, the clinicopathological framework of these serotypes is undefined in Pakistan. A cross-sectional, observational study was performed to document the circulation of various arboviruses in the Sindh region of Pakistan. Here we describe a population of patients diagnosed with DENV spanning a 2-year period. This study used an orthogonal system of NS1 antigen ELISA followed by RT-PCR for DENV detection and subtyping. A total of 168 NS1 positive patients were evaluated of which 91 patients were serotyped via RT-PCR. There was no significant difference between sex or age for infection risk and peak transmission occurred during the Autumn months. DENV2 was the most common serotype followed by DENV1 then DENV3, then DENV4. The data show that DENV1 patients were more likely to have abnormal liver function tests; DENV2 infected patients were more likely to exhibit arthralgia and neurological symptoms; DENV3 patients were more likely to complain of burning micturition and have elevated lymphocyte counts and low hematocrit; and DENV4 patients were more likely to report headaches and rash. Notably, no dengue hemorrhagic fever or other manifestations of severe dengue fever were present in patients with primary or secondary infections. We were able to identify significantly more NS1 antigen positive patients than RT-PCR. This study demonstrates that all four DENV serotypes are co-circulating and co-infecting in Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Clinical Features of Co-circulating Dengue Viruses and the Absence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan

Khan

Prakoso

Imtiaz

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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“…While vaccines are being developed, dose-sparing methods are being investigated [121,122]. One method, intradermal administration of YF vaccine, mimics the natural route of transmission and takes advantage of the skin dendritic cells role in the immune response [123,124]. In one study, the immunogenicity of a fractional (one-fifth) intradermal dose of YF 17D vaccine was not inferior to that of a full subcutaneous dose.…”

Section: Yellow Fever Vaccine Candidatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease Resurgence, Production Capability Issues and Safety Concerns in the Context of an Aging Population: Is There a Need for a New Yellow Fever Vaccine?

et al. 2019

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Yellow fever is a potentially fatal, mosquito-borne viral disease that appears to be experiencing a resurgence in endemic areas in Africa and South America and spreading to non-endemic areas despite an effective vaccine. This trend has increased the level of concern about the disease and the potential for importation to areas in Asia with ecological conditions that can sustain yellow fever virus transmission. In this article, we provide a broad overview of yellow fever burden of disease, natural history, treatment, vaccine, prevention and control initiatives, and vaccine and therapeutic agent development efforts.

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“…Additionally, innate and adaptive (humoral and cellular) immune responses were shown to be activated during the infection (reviewed in [ 15 ]). The infection results in the activation of type-I effector mechanisms (cytotoxicity and interferon production) as well as strong T cell activation and differentiation (reviewed in [ 16 ]). Similar results were obtained using non-human primates (NHP) model, the ‘gold-standard’ animal model of EBOV infection, (reviewed in [ 17 , 18 ]) confirming the role of the immune response in pathogenesis of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease

2020

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Ebolaviruses, discovered in 1976, belongs to the Filoviridae family, which also includes Marburg and Lloviu viruses. They are negative-stranded RNA viruses with six known species identified to date. Ebola virus (EBOV) is a member of Zaire ebolavirus species and can cause the Ebola virus disease (EVD), an emerging zoonotic disease that results in homeostatic imbalance and multi-organ failure. There are three EBOV outbreaks documented in the last six years resulting in significant morbidity (> 32,000 cases) and mortality (> 13,500 deaths). The potential factors contributing to the high infectivity of this virus include multiple entry mechanisms, susceptibility of the host cells, employment of multiple immune evasion mechanisms and rapid person-to-person transmission. EBOV infection leads to cytokine storm, disseminated intravascular coagulation, host T cell apoptosis as well as cell mediated and humoral immune response. In this review, a concise recap of cell types targeted by EBOV and EVD symptoms followed by detailed run-through of host innate and adaptive immune responses, virus-driven regulation and their combined effects contributing to the disease pathogenesis has been presented. At last, the vaccine and drug development initiatives as well as challenges related to the management of infection have been discussed.

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T-Cell Response to Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

Cited by 34 publications

References 249 publications

The Clinical Features of Co-circulating Dengue Viruses and the Absence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan

The Clinical Features of Co-circulating Dengue Viruses and the Absence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan

Disease Resurgence, Production Capability Issues and Safety Concerns in the Context of an Aging Population: Is There a Need for a New Yellow Fever Vaccine?

Immunological Perspective for Ebola Virus Infection and Various Treatment Measures Taken to Fight the Disease

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