T-helper 2 mechanisms involved in human rhinovirus infections and asthma

Price, Adam S.; Kennedy, Joshua L.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2022.08.015

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The average age of hospitalizations for EV-D68 severe respiratory disease and AFM is 4 to 6 years, depending on the outbreak year. We anticipate that the induction of balanced or T H 1-polarized response would be favorable in young children, where T H 2 responses to respiratory pathogens have been associated with exacerbation of asthma and eosinophilic inflammation ( 54 , 55 ). Alum adjuvants are T H 2-polarizing ( 56 , 57 ), and because EV-D68 is a respiratory enterovirus with a primary site of infection in the lung, alternatives to alum could be used to elicit a more balanced T H response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination

et al. 2023

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Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) causes severe respiratory illness in children and can result in a debilitating paralytic disease known as acute flaccid myelitis. No treatment or vaccine for EV-D68 infection is available. Here, we demonstrate that virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines elicit a protective neutralizing antibody against homologous and heterologous EV-D68 subclades. VLP based on a B1 subclade 2014 outbreak strain elicited comparable B1 EV-D68 neutralizing activity as an inactivated viral particle vaccine in mice. Both immunogens elicited weaker cross-neutralization against heterologous viruses. A B3 VLP vaccine elicited more robust neutralization of B3 subclade viruses with improved cross-neutralization. A balanced CD4 + T helper response was achieved using a carbomer-based adjuvant, Adjuplex. Nonhuman primates immunized with this B3 VLP Adjuplex formulation generated robust neutralizing antibodies against homologous and heterologous subclade viruses. Our results suggest that both vaccine strain and adjuvant selection are critical elements for improving the breadth of protective immunity against EV-D68.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination

et al. 2023

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“…Impaired antiviral immune responses are similarly a feature of CF [144]. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is the most common cause of the common cold, and for those with asthma [145], CF [146], or COPD [147], HRV can lead to severe exacerbation of symptoms and potentially fatal complications.…”

Section: Inhaled Heparin For Inflammatory Lung Disease In Asthma Cyst...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heparin, Low Molecular Weight Heparin, and Non-Anticoagulant Derivatives for the Treatment of Inflammatory Lung Disease

Shute

2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Unfractionated heparin has multiple pharmacological activities beyond anticoagulation. These anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and mucoactive activities are shared in part by low molecular weight and non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives. Anti-inflammatory activities include inhibition of chemokine activity and cytokine synthesis, inhibitory effects on the mechanisms of adhesion and diapedesis involved in neutrophil recruitment, inhibition of heparanase activity, inhibition of the proteases of the coagulation and complement cascades, inhibition of neutrophil elastase activity, neutralisation of toxic basic histones, and inhibition of HMGB1 activity. This review considers the potential for heparin and its derivatives to treat inflammatory lung disease, including COVID-19, ALI, ARDS, cystic fibrosis, asthma, and COPD via the inhaled route.

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“…Considering the phenotypic characteristics, the product of the heterogeneity of asthma, the subtypes have a differentiation in CD4+ Th2 high and Th2 low in the immune cellular expression, and Th2 high conducts the inflammatory process in severe allergic asthma [51].…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms Between the Relation Of Infections By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ILC2s do not express antigen-specific type-like receptors; on the contrary, they express cytokine, chemokine, lipid mediators, and neuropeptide receptors [55,56]. Diverse studies have suggested that ILC2s are involved in the commencement of asthma and its exacerbations, which is caused by unleashing factors, such as viral infections [51]. Furthermore, it has been proposed that ILC2s are associated with severe asthma [57].…”

Section: Pathogenic Mechanisms Between the Relation Of Infections By ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Relationship between Respiratory Viruses and Asthma

Romero-Tapia,

Guzmán Priego,

Del-Río-Navarro

et al. 2023

JCM

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Several studies have reported that viral infection is closely associated with the onset, progression, and exacerbation of asthma. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role that viral infections have in the pathogenesis of asthma onset and exacerbations, as well as discuss interrelated protective and risk factors of asthma and current treatment options. Furthermore, we present current knowledge of the innate immunological pathways driving host defense, including changes in the epithelial barrier. In addition, we highlight the importance of the genetics and epigenetics of asthma and virus susceptibility. Moreover, the involvement of virus etiology from bronchiolitis and childhood wheezing to asthma is described. The characterization and mechanisms of action of the respiratory viruses most frequently related to asthma are mentioned.

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T-helper 2 mechanisms involved in human rhinovirus infections and asthma

Cited by 5 publications

References 98 publications

EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination

EV-D68 virus-like particle vaccines elicit cross-clade neutralizing antibodies that inhibit infection and block dissemination

Heparin, Low Molecular Weight Heparin, and Non-Anticoagulant Derivatives for the Treatment of Inflammatory Lung Disease

Advances in the Relationship between Respiratory Viruses and Asthma

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