T<scp>ESTS OF THE</scp>G<scp>RAVITATIONAL</scp>I<scp>NVERSE</scp>-S<scp>QUARE</scp>L<scp>AW</scp>

Adelberger, E. G.; Heckel, B. R.; Nelson, Ann E.

doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110503

Cited by 826 publications

(919 citation statements)

References 154 publications

(172 reference statements)

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“…Future measurements of the time-delay effect for GRBs at frequencies ω ∼ 1 − 10GeV would increase significantly the limit up to m ψ > 10 −9 GeV. On the other hand, Cavendish-type experiments [26,27]) exclude fifth force particles with masses m ψ 1/(10 −2 cm) ∼ 10 −12 GeV which is rather close to our lower bound for ψ field masses. Respectively we slightly shift the considered mass lower limit to be m ψ ≥ 10 −12 GeV.…”

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confidence: 82%

Extra dimensions and Lorentz invariance violation

2007

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We consider effective model where photons interact with scalar field corresponding to conformal excitations of the internal space (geometrical moduli/gravexcitons). We demonstrate that this interaction results in a modified dispersion relation for photons, and consequently, the photon group velocity depends on the energy implying the propagation time delay effect. We suggest to use the experimental bounds of the time delay of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) photons propagation as an additional constrain for the gravexciton parameters.PACS numbers: 04.50.+h, 11.25.Mj, Lorentz invariance (LI) of physical laws is one of the corner stone of modern physics. There is a number of experiments confirming this symmetry at energies we can approach now. For example, on a classical level, the rotation invariance has been tested in Michelson-Morley experiments, and the boost invariance has been tested in Kennedy-Torhndike experiments [1]. Although, up to now, LI is well established experimentally, we cannot say surely that at higher energies it is still valid. Moreover, modern astrophysical and cosmological data (e.g. UHECR, dark matter, dark energy, etc) indicate for a possible LI violation (LV). To resolve these challenges, there are number of attempts to create new physical models, such as M/string theory, Kaluza-Klein models, brane-world models, etc. [1].In this paper we investigate LV test related to photon dispersion measure (PhDM). This test is based on the LV effect of a phenomenological energy-dependent speed of photon [2,3,4,5,6,7,8], for recent studies see Ref.[9] and references therein.The formalism that we use is based on the analogy with electromagnetic waves propagation in a magnetized medium, and extends previous works [8,10,11]. In our model, instead of propagation in a magnetized medium, the electromagnetic waves are propagating in vacuum filled with a scalar field ψ. LV occurs because of an interaction term f(ψ)F 2 where F is an amplitude of the electromagnetic field. Such an interaction might have different origins. In the string theory ψ could be a dilaton field [12,13]. The field ψ could be associated with geometrical moduli. In brane-world models the similar term describes an interaction between the bulk dilaton and the Standard Model fields on the brane [14]. In Ref.[15], such an interaction was obtained in N = 4 * Electronic address: bauch˙vGR@ukr.net † Electronic address: zhuk@paco.net ‡ Electronic address: tinatin@phys.ksu.edu super-gravity in four dimensions. In Kaluza-Klein models the term f(ψ)F 2 has the pure geometrical origin, and it appears in the effective, dimensionally reduced, four dimensional action (see e.g. [16,17]). In particular, in reduced Einstein-Yang-Mills theories, the function f (ψ) coincides (up to a numerical prefactor) with the volume of the internal space. Phenomenological (exactly solvable) models with spherical symmetries were considered in Refs. [18]. To be more specific, we consider the model which is based on the reduced Einstein-Yang-Mills theory [17], where the term ∝ ψF 2 de...

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confidence: 82%

Extra dimensions and Lorentz invariance violation

2007

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“…So we see that at short distances the corrections to Newton's potential are indeed suppressed by powers of (r/r c ) 4 . In fact, we can consider our approximate solution as the first order in the Taylor expansion in powers of r/r c of the exact solution, where the next order in the expansion would be O ((r/r c ) 8 ).…”

Section: Short Distance Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified gravity, dark energy and modified Newtonian dynamics

Navarro¹,

Acoleyen²

2006

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

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We propose a class of actions for the spacetime metric that introduce corrections to the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian depending on the logarithm of some curvature scalars. We show that for some choices of these invariants the models are ghost free and modify Newtonian gravity below a characteristic acceleration scale given by a 0 = cµ, where c is the speed of light and µ is a parameter of the model that also determines the late-time Hubble constant: H 0 ∼ µ. In these models, besides the massless spin two graviton, there is a scalar excitation of the spacetime metric whose mass depends on the background curvature. This dependence is such that this scalar, although almost massless in vacuum, becomes massive and effectively decouples when one gets close to any source and we recover an acceptable weak field limit at short distances. There is also a (classical) "running" of Newton's constant with the distance to the sources and gravity is easily enhanced at large distances by a large ratio. We comment on the possibility of building a model with a MOND-like Newtonian limit that could explain the rotation curves of galaxies without introducing Dark Matter using this kind of actions. We also explore briefly the characteristic gravitational phenomenology that these models imply: besides a long distance modification of gravity they also predict deviations from Newton's law at short distances. This short distance scale depends on the local background curvature of spacetime, and we find that for experiments on the Earth surface it is of order ∼ 0.1mm, while this distance would be bigger in space where the local curvature is significantly lower.

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“…If the density of a laboratory vacuum is low enough for the symmetron field to enter its broken-symmetry phase, then the field will mediate a fifth force between massive objects in that vacuum, which may be probed experimentally [14][15][16][17][18]. For a symmetron mass µ ∼ 10 −3 eV and a matter coupling energy M ∼ 1 TeV, this symmetry breaking will occur at densities ρ < µ 2 M 2 ∼ 0.1 g/cm 3 and distances ∼ µ −1 ∼ 0.1 mm readily accessible to short-range gravity experiments such as the Eöt-Wash torsion pendulum [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetron Dark Energy in Laboratory Experiments

Upadhye

2013

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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The symmetron scalar field is a matter-coupled dark energy candidate which effectively decouples from matter in high-density regions through a symmetry restoration. We consider a previously unexplored regime, in which the vacuum mass µ ∼ 2.4 × 10 −3 eV of the symmetron is near the dark energy scale, and the matter coupling parameter M ∼ 1 TeV is just beyond Standard Model energies. Such a field will give rise to a fifth force at submillimeter distances which can be probed by shortrange gravity experiments. We show that a torsion pendulum experiment such as Eöt-Wash can exclude symmetrons in this regime for all self-couplings λ 7.5.

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TESTS OF THEGRAVITATIONALINVERSE-SQUARELAW

Abstract: ABSTRACT:We review recent experimental tests of the gravitational inverse-square law and the wide variety of theoretical considerations that suggest the law may break down in experimentally accessible regions.

Cited by 826 publications

References 154 publications

Extra dimensions and Lorentz invariance violation

Extra dimensions and Lorentz invariance violation

Modified gravity, dark energy and modified Newtonian dynamics

Symmetron Dark Energy in Laboratory Experiments

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