T-strain Mycoplasma. Selective inhibition by erythromycin in vitro.

Shepard, Maurice C.; Lunceford, Carl D.; Baker, Robert L.

doi:10.1136/sti.42.1.21

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…These investigators found good correlations between the results obtained by testing standardized inocula of isolates by the disk elution method and those obtained by the direct broth dilution method, the procedure used in our tests. Spaepen and Kundsin also found minocycline to be more active than tetracycline; however, most strains were not inhibited by 3 ,ug of erythromycin per ml, in contrast to the findings in our study and others (3,14). Therefore, although the techniques used in the disk elution and the broth dilution methods are different, the principle of the tests (i.e., inhibition of U. urealyticum, preventing pH change in medium) is the same.…”

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confidence: 56%

In Vitro Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Rosaramicin

Smith

1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Thirty-two clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum were inhibited by 0.036 jig of rosaramicin per ml, whereas 25 (78%) and 13 (41%) of the strains were inhibited by this concentration of minocycline and tetracycline, respectively. These results suggest that rosaramicin may be useful for the treatment of U. urealyticum infections.The most common causes of urethritis are Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis; however, the etiological role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in this infection has been controversial (7,10

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confidence: 56%

In Vitro Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Rosaramicin

Smith

1979

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Sensitivity to antibiotics. Growth of T mycoplasmas in vitro is inhibited by the following antibiotics, listed in order of approximate decreasing effectiveness: the tetracyclines (including the semisynthetic tetracyclines), erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, and partially by clindamycin (9,20,66,74).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Shepard

Lunceford

Ford

et al. 1974

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

200

103

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The biological properties and special characteristics of the human T mycoplasmas have been reviewed and summarized. The T mycoplasmas are distinguished from all other known mycoplasmas by their production of urease, and, therefore, by their ability to hydrolyze urea. This singular property significantly sets the T mycoplasmas apart from all other members of the order Mycoplasmatales. In consideration of this distinguishing property, it is reasonable to propose establishing a new, separate genus in the family Mycoplasmataceae in which t o classify the T mycoplasmas isolated from man and lower animals. The name Ureaplasma is proposed for this new genus, which at present contains a single human species of at least eight different serotypes. The name Ureaplasma urealyticum is proposed for this new species. The type strain of U. urealyticum is human strain 960-(CX8), serotype VIII (Black); it has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection as ATCC 27618.T mycoplasmas were first recognized and identified in 1954 in primary agar cultures of urethral exudates from male nongonococcal urethritis patients. They were called "tiny-form PPLO" (pleuropneumonia-like organisms) and "T-form colonies of PPLO" after the minute size, distinctive characteristics, and morphology of their agar colonies. The first published reference to these unusual mycoplasmas was a brief description accompanying two photomicrographs of "T" colonies in a primary agar culture of urethral exudate (53). Subsequent studies confirmed that T mycoplasmas were new, previously undescribed members of the human mycoplasma group. Their distinctive morphology and cultural characteristics were described and illustrated in detail in 1956 (54).The original minute colony size (10 * 5 pm) was the result of nutritionally inadequate culture media of distinctly unfavorable alkaline reaction (pH 7.8 to 8.0) resulting in near threshold performance in supporting growth of T mycoplasmas. Some of the early failures of other investigators t o isolate T mycoplasmas from clinical exudates may also be explained by the incorporation by these investigators of thallium acetate in the medium in accordance with standard classical mycoplasma methodology. This antibacterial agent is almost completely inhibitory t o many strains of T mycoplasmas in primary agar cultures in alkaline media of pH 7.8 t o 8.0. Thallium acetate was never employed in Shepard's laboratory , where only penicillin was incorporated as an antibacterial agent (1,000 U/ml).Prior to 1966, identification of T mycoplasmas in primary cultures was limited exclusively to characteristic minute size, morphology, and staining reaction of agar colonies. The subsequent development of improved agar culture media made identification based upon the above-mentioned criteria less reliable, since T colonies were no longer really "tiny." Identification was especially difficult under conditions of crowding in mixed mycoplasma cultures since classical mycoplasma colonies often completely lost the ability to produce the surface...

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“…urealyticum is an opportunistic pathogen which has been associated with life-threatening and fatal respiratory (11,48) and central nervous system (16,49) diseases in newborn infants and polyarthritis (46), persistant urethritis (42,44), kidney calculi (2) and pelvic inflammatory diseases (10) in adults. U. urealyticum, in contrast to Mycoplasma hominis (another urogenital opportunistic pathogen) (6,8,39), is generally sensitive to macrolides (19,32,36,43) but intrinsically resistant to lincosamides (lincomycin and clindamycin) (6,8,27,45), antibiotics which share a common mechanism of action with macrolides, at least among certain eubacteria (40). The widespread i Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Ureaplasma urealyticum: A study on collection and clinical strains

et al. 1989

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Ureaplasma urealyticum is considered as a species which is intrinsically sensitive to macrolides (MIC less than 1 microgram/ml). Nevertheless, some of the strains recently isolated in our laboratories showed moderate to high levels of resistance (MICs ranging from 2 micrograms/ml to 100 micrograms/ml). In particular, a strain (CT28) isolated from a patient with nongonococcal urethritis long treated with erythromycin revealed a MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml for this antibiotic. In order to investigate the mechanisms of resistance, strain CT28 and ten clinical and laboratory U. urealyticum strains were compared for the sensitivity to six antibiotics including three macrolides. Moreover the amount of macrolide uptake and the specific antibiotic binding to ribosomes were studied. Strain CT28 was resistant to josamycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin but sensitive to minocycline. When compared to a sensitive strain, strain CT28 showed a six-fold reduction in intracellular macrolide influx and accumulation and a reduction in antibiotic binding to ribosomes. The mechanisms implicated in these differences may be important for macrolide resistance in U. urealyticum.

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T-strain Mycoplasma. Selective inhibition by erythromycin in vitro.

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

In Vitro Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Rosaramicin

In Vitro Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Rosaramicin

Ureaplasma urealyticum gen. nov., sp. nov.: Proposed Nomenclature for the Human T (T-Strain) Mycoplasmas

Mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Ureaplasma urealyticum: A study on collection and clinical strains

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