T/Tn Antigen Vaccine is Effective and Safe in Preventing Recurrence of Advanced Human Breast Carcinoma

Abstract

For nearly 20 yrs, we used T/Tn antigen vaccine in safe, specific, effective, long-term intradermal vaccination against recurrence of advanced breast carcinoma. Treatment is ad infinitum. All 18 breast carcinoma patients treated, pTNM Stages IV (6), III (6), and II (6), survived > 5 yrs postoperatively; 10 survived > 10 to > 18 yrs; of the latter, three patients each are Stages III and IV. Five additional 5 yr survivors have not yet reached 10 yrs. The probability that our survival results are due to chance, with NCI "1991 Standard PDQ Data" as control, for all three stages taken together is: 5-yr survival: p < 1 x 10(-8); 10-yr survival: p < 1 x 10(-5). There were no untoward side effects. The vaccination area presented as a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, but at variance with the PPD reaction, with significant inflammation, increase of helper T lymphocytes and decrease of the T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio.

Infection and Cancer: Revaluation of the Hygiene Hypothesis

“…88,89). Microbial components may also find applicability in preventing cancer, as in the case of the tumor-pathogen T/Tn antigen (90) and the bacterial endotoxin LPS (28). More specifically for the T/Tn antigen, vaccination regimens based on this common microbe-tumor glycoprotein (66,67) have been previously evaluated in breast cancer prevention (90).…”

“…Microbial components may also find applicability in preventing cancer, as in the case of the tumor-pathogen T/Tn antigen (90) and the bacterial endotoxin LPS (28). More specifically for the T/Tn antigen, vaccination regimens based on this common microbe-tumor glycoprotein (66,67) have been previously evaluated in breast cancer prevention (90). Vaccination was accompanied by an increase of helper T lymphocytes and decrease of T-suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio, possibly leading to regulation of antitumor immune responses and subsequent prevention of breast cancer recurrence.…”

Unique Sugar Metabolic Pathways of Bifidobacteria

“…[109][110][111][112] Moreover, cancerassociated antigens have structures related to them. [113][114][115] The availability of these special disaccharides in large amounts makes glycobiological research easier, since they can be used as starting materials of synthesis of complex glycans.…”

T/Tn immunotherapy avoiding immune deviation

“…T and Tn are nearly always expressed in human carcinomas but not in healthy or non-cancerous diseased tissue. [1][2][3] Incomplete glycosylation in cancer leads to the emergence of new carbohydrate and peptide backbone epitopes that are not present (exposed) on normal cells. 3,4 In phase I/II clinical trials, patients with advanced adenocarcinoma were immunized with mucin (MUC)-1 immunogens.…”