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The article contains sections titled: 1. Office Copying and Printing 1.1. Electrophotography 1.1.1. Photoreceptor 1.1.2. Corotron Charging 1.1.3. Light Exposure 1.1.4. Image Development 1.1.5. Image Transfer and Fusing 1.1.6. Photoreceptor Cleaning and Erase 1.1.7. Other Electrophotographic Imaging Systems 1.2. Thermographic Printing 1.2.1. Thermal Print Transducers 1.2.2. Resistive Ribbon Technology 1.2.3. Imaging Materials and Mechanisms 1.2.4. Comparison of Thermal Technologies 1.3. Ink‐Jet Printing 1.3.1. Continuous Ink Jet 1.3.2. Impulse (Drop‐on‐Demand) Ink Jet 1.3.3. Ink‐Jet Nozzle Orifice 1.3.4. Ink‐Jet Inks 1.3.5. Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks 1.3.6. Color Printing with Ink Jets 2. Technical Copying 2.1. Diazotyping 2.1.1. Photolysis 2.1.2. Coupling Reaction 2.1.3. Production of Diazotyping Material 2.1.4. Processing 2.2. Other Photochemical Systems 2.3. Silver Process 2.3.1. Black and White Copying Materials Based on Silver Diffusion Transfer Technology 2.3.2. Modern Lithographic Printing Applications 2.3.3. Color‐Copying Materials Based on Dye Diffusion Chemistry 3. Microfilms and Microfiches 3.1. Diazotyping 3.2. Vesicular Film
The article contains sections titled: 1. Office Copying and Printing 1.1. Electrophotography 1.1.1. Photoreceptor 1.1.2. Corotron Charging 1.1.3. Light Exposure 1.1.4. Image Development 1.1.5. Image Transfer and Fusing 1.1.6. Photoreceptor Cleaning and Erase 1.1.7. Other Electrophotographic Imaging Systems 1.2. Thermographic Printing 1.2.1. Thermal Print Transducers 1.2.2. Resistive Ribbon Technology 1.2.3. Imaging Materials and Mechanisms 1.2.4. Comparison of Thermal Technologies 1.3. Ink‐Jet Printing 1.3.1. Continuous Ink Jet 1.3.2. Impulse (Drop‐on‐Demand) Ink Jet 1.3.3. Ink‐Jet Nozzle Orifice 1.3.4. Ink‐Jet Inks 1.3.5. Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks 1.3.6. Color Printing with Ink Jets 2. Technical Copying 2.1. Diazotyping 2.1.1. Photolysis 2.1.2. Coupling Reaction 2.1.3. Production of Diazotyping Material 2.1.4. Processing 2.2. Other Photochemical Systems 2.3. Silver Process 2.3.1. Black and White Copying Materials Based on Silver Diffusion Transfer Technology 2.3.2. Modern Lithographic Printing Applications 2.3.3. Color‐Copying Materials Based on Dye Diffusion Chemistry 3. Microfilms and Microfiches 3.1. Diazotyping 3.2. Vesicular Film
We investigated the characteristic variation of an integrated thin-film resistor (TFR), which is composed of silicon chromium (SiCr), according to process conditions and its effects on analog circuits. To improve TFR properties, such as temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) and mismatch, the integrated TFR was examined under various process conditions. First, the sputtering power and the annealing temperature were optimized to control the TCR property. Secondly, the etching time and the dummy pattern were optimized to enhance the mismatch property. The measured TCR is −3.9 ppm/°C and the calculated mismatch slope from the standard deviation of resistance mismatch is 0.34%·µm. These results show that the fabricated TFR had near-zero TCR and a high matching constant. To verify the TFRs effects on analog circuits, low-pass filters (LPFs) were fabricated and measured as a test vehicle; the use of the optimized resistor considerably improved the performance of the resulting LPFs.Index Terms-Integrated thin-film resistor (TFR), low-pass filter (LPF), mismatch, silicon chromium (SiCr), temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR), TFR dummy pattern, TFR.
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