Tactile sensibility in the human hand: relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin.

Johansson, Roland S.; Vallbo, Å. B.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1979.sp012619

Cited by 1,094 publications

(748 citation statements)

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“…FA I and FA II) and two are slow adapting (SA I and SA II) (Johansson and Vallbo, 1979). The Pacinian (P) channel has distinctive characteristics: spatial and temporal summation and a dependence on skin temperature (Gescheider et al, 1978), and is associated with the FA II fibres (Bolanowski and Verrillo, 1982;Mountcastle et al 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent comfort contours for vertical vibration of steering wheels: Effect of vibration magnitude, grip force, and hand position

Morioka¹,

Griffin²

2009

Applied Ergonomics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equivalent comfort contours for vertical vibration of steering wheels: Effect of vibration magnitude, grip force, and hand position

Morioka¹,

Griffin²

2009

Applied Ergonomics

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“…T he human hand is endowed with thousands of mechanoreceptors of different types distributed across the skin, each innervated by one or more large myelinated nerve fibers (1). These fibers convey detailed information about contact events and provide us with an exquisite sensitivity to the form and surface properties of grasped objects (2,3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating tactile signals from the whole hand with millisecond precision

Saal

Delhaye

Rayhaun

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

223

251

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When we grasp and manipulate an object, populations of tactile nerve fibers become activated and convey information about the shape, size, and texture of the object and its motion across the skin. The response properties of tactile fibers have been extensively characterized in single-unit recordings, yielding important insights into how individual fibers encode tactile information. A recurring finding in this extensive body of work is that stimulus information is distributed over many fibers. However, our understanding of population-level representations remains primitive. To fill this gap, we have developed a model to simulate the responses of all tactile fibers innervating the glabrous skin of the hand to any spatiotemporal stimulus applied to the skin. The model first reconstructs the stresses experienced by mechanoreceptors when the skin is deformed and then simulates the spiking response that would be produced in the nerve fiber innervating that receptor. By simulating skin deformations across the palmar surface of the hand and tiling it with receptors at their known densities, we reconstruct the responses of entire populations of nerve fibers. We show that the simulated responses closely match their measured counterparts, down to the precise timing of the evoked spikes, across a wide variety of experimental conditions sampled from the literature. We then conduct three virtual experiments to illustrate how the simulation can provide powerful insights into population coding in touch. Finally, we discuss how the model provides a means to establish naturalistic artificial touch in bionic hands.mechanoreceptor | tactile afferent | somatosensory periphery | skin mechanics | computational model T he human hand is endowed with thousands of mechanoreceptors of different types distributed across the skin, each innervated by one or more large myelinated nerve fibers (1). These fibers convey detailed information about contact events and provide us with an exquisite sensitivity to the form and surface properties of grasped objects (2, 3). During object manipulation and tactile exploration, the glabrous skin of the hand undergoes complex spatiotemporal mechanical deformations, which in turn, drive very precise spiking responses in individual afferents. Coarse object features, such as edges and corners, are reflected in spatial patterns of activation in slowly adapting type I (SA1) and rapidly adapting (RA) fibers, which are densely packed in the fingertip (3, 4). At the same time, interactions with objects and surfaces elicit high-frequency, low-amplitude surface waves that propagate across the skin of the finger and palm and excite vibration-sensitive Pacinian (PC) afferents all over the hand (5-8).Recording the activity of tactile nerve fibers in monkeys or humans is technically difficult, is slow, and generally yields responses from a single unit at a time (9, 10). Although such recordings have yielded powerful insights into the neural basis of touch, they provide a limited window into the information that the hand c...

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“…There are four major mechanoreceptors (the Meissner corpuscle, Merkel's disk, the Ruffini ending, and the Pacinian corpuscle) in human glabrous skin. Merkel's disk responds to quasi-static deformations of the skin such as force or displacement in the frequency range of 0.4 Hz to 3 Hz [1]. It plays an important role in detecting spatial structures in a static contact, such as detecting an edge or a bar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ruffini ending responds to buzz-like sensations in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 500 Hz [1]. The Meissner corpuscle, which is activated in the frequency range of 2 Hz to 40 Hz, detects dynamic deformations of the skin such as the sensation of a flutter [1]. The Pacinian corpuscle, which is activated in the frequency range of 40 Hz to 500 Hz, detects acceleration or vibration [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It plays an important role in detecting spatial structures in a static contact, such as detecting an edge or a bar. The Ruffini ending responds to buzz-like sensations in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 500 Hz [1]. The Meissner corpuscle, which is activated in the frequency range of 2 Hz to 40 Hz, detects dynamic deformations of the skin such as the sensation of a flutter [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tiny Feel: A New Miniature Tactile Module Using Elastic and Electromagnetic Force for Mobile Devices

Yang

Kim

Book

et al. 2010

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYFor tactile feedback in mobile devices, the size and the power consumption of tactile modules are the dominant factors. Thus, vibration motors have been widely used in mobile devices to provide tactile sensation. However, the vibration motor cannot sufficiently generate a great amount of tactile sensation because the magnitude and the frequency of the vibration motor are coupled. For the generation of a wide variety of tactile sensations, this paper presents a new tactile actuator that incorporates a solenoid, a permanent magnet and an elastic spring. The feedback force in this actuator is generated by elastic and electromagnetic force. This paper also proposes a tiny tactile module with the proposed actuators. To construct a tiny tactile module, the contactor gap of the module is minimized without decreasing the contactor stroke, the output force, and the working frequency. The elastic springs of the actuators are separated into several layers to minimize the contactor gap without decreasing the performance of the tactile module. Experiments were conducted to investigate each contactor output force as well as the frequency response of the proposed tactile module. Each contactor of the tactile module can generate enough output force to stimulate human mechanoreceptors. As the contactors are actuated in a wide range of frequency, the proposed tactile module can generate various tactile sensations. Moreover, the size of the proposed tactile module is small enough to be embedded it into a mobile device, and its power consumption is low. Therefore, the proposed tactile actuator and module have good potential in many interactive mobile devices.

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Tactile sensibility in the human hand: relative and absolute densities of four types of mechanoreceptive units in glabrous skin.

Cited by 1,094 publications

References 47 publications

Equivalent comfort contours for vertical vibration of steering wheels: Effect of vibration magnitude, grip force, and hand position

Equivalent comfort contours for vertical vibration of steering wheels: Effect of vibration magnitude, grip force, and hand position

Simulating tactile signals from the whole hand with millisecond precision

Tiny Feel: A New Miniature Tactile Module Using Elastic and Electromagnetic Force for Mobile Devices

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